BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly disease with a 5-year survival of less than 5%. Worldwide PC incidence rates are lower among women than men. While this suggests a protective role for steroid hormones in PC risk, results from epidemiological studies are not consistent. METHODS 153 new incident PC cases and 202 controls were recruited from a prospective case–control study, running in a referral center for endoscopic ultrasonography during 2011-2017. A structured valid and reliable questionnaire was used for data collection by a few trained interviewers. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for reproductive factors and PC were estimated using logistic regression methods. RESULTS Mean age (SD) of the cases and the controls were 63.18 (11.4) and 63.37 (12.0) years, respectively. Age at menarche, age at menopause, number of parity, gravidity, and abortion were not associated with PC risk. CONCLUSION This study does not support the hypothesis that menstrual and reproductive factors are associated with PC risk.
Type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare disease that is reported from Asia, especially from Taiwan. In this paper, we present a patient from Iran (Arab) with Type II EATL whose disease was not associated with celiac disease or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The patient died due to intestinal perforation during the first chemotherapy. Type II EATL is a gastrointestinal lymphoma with poor prognosis and a high affinity for intestinal perforation. Early detection of EATL II is essential for chemotherapy prior to the onset of malnutrition symptoms.
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prevalence is increasing in Asia. Clinicians are faced with misdiagnosis for IBD even with classic symptoms. This case report shows that how a delayed diagnosis of IBD can produce significant problems for patient. Case Presentation: A 45 year-old man and known case of IPSID (Immunoproliferative small intestine disorder) was referred for follow-up to our GI (Gastrointestinal) clinic. He presented with a history of intractable watery diarrhea along with slight weight loss for the last 22 years. He was admitted with an episode of severe abdominal pain and acute peritonitis 10 years ago. At the time, laparotomy was performed due to a suspicious appendicular mass; however, the surgeon discovered a cecum mass and extended adhesion during laparotomy. According to IPSID diagnosis, he was then referred to an oncologist who treated him with chemotherapy and patient was advised to attend an annual colonoscopy checkup as follow-up. He was gradually complicated by renal stones, arthritis, hypoalbuminemia and bone disease during the follow-up. We as gastroenterologists reviewed his history again and requested a revision for all histopathology results by GI pathologist. Pathologist confirmed IBD (Crohn's disease) from the first pathology and his treatment was started immediately. Discussion: Several diseases can mimic IBD symptoms but with careful consideration of patient's symptoms, endoscopic findings and pathology results one should be able to diagnose IBD. Correct diagnosis of IBD can affect the quality of life of patient. Keywords:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Diagnostic Errors; Intestine, SmallImplication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: This case report shows that how a delayed diagnosis of IBD can produce significant problems for patient.
The current outbreak of COVID-19 infection among humans is strongly impacting global physical and mental health. This outbreak can induce or exacerbate some chronic disorders such as functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) due to stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, denial, anger, and fear. The current focus on the physical aspects of COVID-19 infection may distract public attention from the psychosocial consequences of this outbreak. The mental disorders related to this outbreak may develop and extend FGIDs in the long term. FGIDs have a significant impact on daily activities and quality of life and also cause high economic burdens through direct medical costs and loss of productivity. The purpose of this mini-review was to emphasize the critical state of old and new cases of FGIDs during the COVID-19 outbreak. Published English papers about mental health disorders related to the COVID19 outbreak or before the infectious outbreak, stress, and FGIDs were considered and reviewed. We selected articles which were current and had the most relevance to FGIDs, psycho-somatization, and infectious outbreak.
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