The aim of this study was determine carriage rate and methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus among food handlers. Samples were collected by swabbing the mouth, nasal cavity and hands of food workers. The isolation of S. aureus was performed using a culture method and verified by using a genetic method (PCR). The presence of mecA gene was analysed by PCR. The fourteen antimicrobial disks were also used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus. The 56 out of 282 isolates were identified as S. aureus. It is found that 10 workers out of 28 carried S. aureus in their nasal cavity while 4 and 3 workers out of 21 carriered S. aureus in mouth and hands respectively. None of the isolates carried mecA genes and also their antibacterial susceptibility test for methicillin resistance, using cefoxitin (30 µg), shown that all the isolates was susceptible to methicillin. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated from food handlers was low. However carriage rate of S. aureus among food handlers was quite high.

Wound healing requires cells that increase both collagen production as a result of inflammatory events and regeneration of epithelial tissue. The Plantago species of herbs have been used in traditional treatment of skin disorders and infectious diseases, and digestive, respiratory, reproductive and circulatory conditions. We investigated the efficacy of different concentrations of Plantago lanceolata L. extract (PLE) for wound healing owing to its anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcerative, analgesic and immunomodulatory properties. We used 72 mice in four groups of 18. An excisional 1 cm wound was created in the skin on the back of the mice in all groups. An ointment containing 10% PLE was applied to the wound in group 1, an ointment containing 20% PLE was applied in group 2 and vaseline was applied in group 3. In group 4, no treatment was applied to the wound. On days 7, 14, and 21 of the experiment, six animals in each group were sacrificed after the wounds were photographed and specimens from the wound sites were examined. On day 14, epithelialization was more prominent in group 2, while vascularization and collagen deposition was more advanced in groups 1 and 2 compared to the other groups. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that TGF-β1 expression was elevated on day 14 in all groups; however, this elevation was more limited in groups 1 and 2 than in groups 3 and 4. Although ANGPT-2 expression increased in groups 1 and 4 on day 14, it decreased significantly in groups 2 and 3. We found that different concentrations of PLE exhibited positive effects on wound healing. Application of 10% PLE ointment may be a useful strategy for wound healing.

The use of antibiotics in food animals creates an important source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria that can spread to humans through the food chain. Strains of Salmonella spp. with resistance to antimicrobial drugs are now widespread in all countries. The present study analysed the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates in raw chicken wings. Out of 200 fresh raw chicken wing packages 102 (51%) samples were positive. Antibiotic resistance test was performed on 200 isolates out of 336 after being confirmed. All the isolates showed multiple resistance against the antibiotics investigated with the average 0.371 multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index. None of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefoxitin. Only 2 isolates showed intermediate resistance to imipenem. The major resistance was observed against nalidixic acid (95%), trimethoprim/sulfomethoxazole (92%), tetracycline (92%), streptomycin (90%) and trimethoprim (81%). Even though only 4 isolates were resistant against ciprofloxacin, high percentage of intermediate resistance (92%) was detected. Some of the isolates were also resistant to gentamicin (7%), cefoperazone (2%), ampicillin (24%), chloramphenicol (24%), cephazolin (7%) and cefotaxime (39%). According to our results high prevalence and the increase in antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. is of concern and constitutes a threat to public health. Keywords: Salmonella, Chicken, Antibiotic resistance Piliç Kanatlarından İzole Edilen Salmonella spp.'nin Antibiyotik Direnci ÖzGıda amaçlı hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde antibiyotik kullanımı, gıda zinciri yoluyla insana geçiş yapan, antibiyotiklere dirençli bakterilerin en önemli kaynağı konumundadır. Günümüzde antimikrobiyal ilaçlara dirençli Salmonella spp. tüm ülkelere yayılmış durumdadır. Bu çalışma ile kanatlı etlerindeki Salmonella prevalansı ve izolatların antimikrobiyal direnç durumları araştırılmıştır. İncelenen 200 piliç kanat paketinden 102 tanesi (%51) pozitif olarak değerlendirilmiş ve konfirme edilen 336 izolattan 200'ünün antibiyotik duyarlılık durumları belirlenmiştir. Buna göre tüm izolatların ortalama 0.371 çoklu antibiyotik direnci (MAR) indeksi ile çoklu antibiyotik direncine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. İzolatların hiçbiri amoxicillin/clavulanate ve cefoxitin'e direnç göstermemiştir. Yalnızca 2 izolatın imipenem'e dirençli olduğu saptanmıştır. Asıl direncin nalidixic acid (%95), trimethoprim/sulfomethoxazole (%92), tetracycline (%92), streptomycin (%90) ve trimethoprim (%81) antibiyotiklerine karşı şekillendiği gözlenmiştir. Her ne kadar sadece 4 izolat ciprofloxacin'e karşı tam dirençli olsa da orta düzeydeki direnç oranının yüksek olduğu (%92) ortaya konmuştur. İzolatlar ayrıca gentamisin (%7), cefoperazone (%2), ampicillin (%24), chloramphenicol (%24), cephazolin (%7) ve cefotaxime (%39)'e karşı direnç geliştirmiştir. Çalışmamızın bulguları Salmonella spp. 'nin yüksek prevalansı ve antibiyotik direncindeki artış nedeniyle halk sağlığına yönelik önemli bir tehdit oluşturduğuna d...

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Even though dairy products play an important role in infant and human nutrition, they may also cause food borne diseases. Milk toxin AFM1 is one of the most important public health hazards. This toxin is produced by animals after consuming contaminated feed with AFB1 which is known for its carsinogenic effects and then excreted in milk. Same as AFB1, AFM1 is also carsinogenic, neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and immunsupressive for humans and cannot be destroyed by sterilization or pasteurization. For that reason, studies on cost effective and rapid methods for detection and detoxification of AFM1 in milk are quite popular among researchers. In this review, the worldwide prevalence of AFM1 in milk and milk products has been presented as well as the developments in techniques to detect and detoxify.