Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior, and the University of Wyoming.
LITERATURE CITED(1) Am. Soc. Testing Materials, (2) Am. Soc. Testing Materials, Designation D 936-47T.(3) Am. Soc. Testing Materials, Designation E S-45a. (4) Claesson, S.,
Rust-inhibited petroleum lubricating oils, now widely used, prevent rusting in turbine oil systems except under certain adverse operating conditions. This paper reviews the mechanism of rusting occurring in the liquid and vapor regions of a turbine oil system. Current accelerated rusting tests are discussed as related to rusting in service. Often, the bench-scale rusting tests used do not predict accurately the protection afforded in service. This can be the result of failure to recognize the important rusting variables and poor choice of bench test. Factors relating to rust-promoting conditions are reviewed. The importance of removal of water from the oil and avoidance of contamination with salt are stressed. A method is presented for monitoring rusting in turbine oil systems. Examples are given of its successful use in the field. The method permits continual surveillance of the existent rust protection afforded by the oil.
Some of the conventional tests for assessing the fire resistance of hydraulic fluids use relatively large amounts of fluid in relationship to quantities available from exploratory research programs. To alleviate this problem, four miniaturized tests were devised for evaluating fire resistance of aerospace fluids. These were intended to simulate the following normal-size tests: (1) flash point (Cleveland open cup), (2) hot manifold, (3) low pressure spray, and (4) high pressure spray. The microflash apparatus uses a spark plug and a heated aluminum cylinder. Three drops of fluid are applied at each temperature of the test. Results were somewhat higher than for full-scale equipment. Low pressure spray test employs an airless spray gun (rotating disk) with reservoir modified to hold a small volume of fluid. In the high pressure spray apparatus, gas pressure forces fluid from a small orifice in stainless steel tubing, and only 20 ml of fluid is used in each determination. The small-scale hot manifold test uses a 1/2-in. diameter stainless steel heater. These miniaturized tests require a total of 40-ml of fluid, as compared to about 2500 required for the corresponding full-scale tests. The small units are easy to operate, and repeatability is good.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.