Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the low level laser therapy in the organization of the collagen fibers with 3 J/cm² of dose in two wavelengths (670nm and 904nm) and in the combination of both on the tissue repair of the calcaneus tendon. Methods: We used 37 female Wistar rats divided in 5 groups which had been submitted to the total tenotomy. Group GA (n= 8) was submitted to the laser irradiation in λ= 904nm, GaAS, pulsated emission, peak power 15W and dose of 3J/ cm², group GB (n= 8) was submitted to laser irradiation λ= 670nm AlGaInP diode, continuous emission, power 30 mW and dose 3J/cm², group GAB (n= 8) was submitted to association of both of lasers and group GCL (n= 7) which the calcaneum tendon was submitted to placebo treatment. The group GP (n= 6) was a standard group without lesion and treatment. The animals received 12 sessions of lasertherapy and submitted to euthanasia on 14 th day after surgery. The tendons were submitted to histological procedure and were analyzed to evaluate the optic retardation (in nm) for the birefringence measurement. Results: The statistic analysis showed that the irradiated groups have higher values of optic retardation statistically significant than placebo group (p= 0,00001). It indicates that all the treated groups show better organization of collagen fibers in the longitudinal axis of the tendon, evidencing better quality in the tissue repair. The group GAB was that shown best results (p= 0,00001) when compared to another groups.

Non-epileptic seizures are identified as a common epileptogenic trigger. Early metaplasticity following seizures may contribute to epileptogenesis by abnormally altering synaptic strength and homeostatic plasticity. We now studied how in vitro epileptiform activity triggers early changes in CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in rat hippocampal slices and the involvement of lipid rafts in these early metaplasticity events. Two forms of epileptiform activity (EA) were induced: 1) interictal-like EA triggered by withdrawal of Mg2+ and K+ elevation to 6mM in the superfusion medium or 2) ictal-like EA induced by bicuculine (10 μM) delivery. LTP induced 30 min post EA was impaired, an effect more pronounced after ictal-like EA. LTP recovered to control levels 60 min post interictal-like EA but was still impaired 60 min after ictal-like EA. The synaptic molecular events underlying this altered LTP were investigated 30 min post EA. Synaptosomes isolated from parallel slices showed enhanced AMPA GluA1 Ser831 phosphorylation but decreased Ser 845 phosphorylation and a marked decrease in GluA1/GluA2 ratio. A marked decrease in flotillin-1 and caveolin-1 levels concomitantly with a moderate increase in PSD-95 and marked increase in gephyrin levels. Altogether, EA differentially influences hippocampal CA1 LTP thorough regulation of GluA1/GluA2 levels and AMPA GluA1 phosphorylation suggesting altered LTP post-seizures may be a relevant target of antiepileptogenic therapies. In addition, this metaplasticity is also associated with marked alterations in classic and synaptic lipid raft markers, suggesting these may also constitute promising targets in epileptogenesis prevention.

IntroductionGastrointestinal diseases in Brazil can be responsible for work disability, making employees eligible to receive sick leave benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the gastrointestinal tract diseases causing the most frequent number of sick leave benefits from the National Institute of Social Security (INSS) and the profile of these workers to understand better the occurrence of these pathologies amongst workers.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted between January 2014 and February 2017. We selected 3260 patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal diseases, who had received temporary social security benefits from INSS. The samples were submitted to data collection including: sex, age, occupation, and international classification of diseases (ICD). Diseases with higher prevalence were analysed.ResultsThe study revealed that the most prevalent gastrointestinal disease included abdominal hernias (ICD K40-K42-K43) in 1328 workers, cholelithiasis (ICD K80) in 1298 patients, acute appendicitis (ICD K35) 634 cases. The results showed that 54% were males, with a mean age of 43 years. However, cholelithiasis affected mostly females. Amongst the hernias, the most prevalent was inguinal hernia followed by umbilical and ventral hernias. All of the workers received temporary sick-leave benefit, but only 0.05% had the benefit of disability retirement and 0.35% sick-leave benefit due to work-related accidents (associated with hernia).DiscussionThe data obtained allowed us to evaluate that the most frequent gastrointestinal diseases associated with sick-leave benefits were those related to surgical management. The appearance of abdominal wall hernias may occur due to increased intra-abdominal pressure, associated with intense physical exertion made by some workers. Dietary habits are a risk factor for appendicitis, especially a diet with low fibre intake. Fatty foods, on the other hand, may influence the occurrence of cholelithiasis. These data may help understand the main factors associated with work disability due to gastrointestinal diseases.

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