Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a major morbidity encountered in preterm neonates, especially in babies less than 28 weeks gestation or 1000g. It may close spontaneously in preterm neonates; however, failure to close spontaneously in preterm neonates results in significant mortality and morbidity in them.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in north India over a period of one year. The study cohort consisted of preterm, newborn babies admitted in the hospital with gestational age less than 37weeks and birth weight <2500g.Results: In this study total number of patients admitted during the study were 2930. Out of these preterm low birth weight neonates were 432. Among preterm low birth weight neonates admitted, 132 neonates were excluded as per exclusion criteria. Patent ductus arteriosus was detected in 56 among the 300 neonates giving an overall incidence of patent ductus arteriosus 18.6%, the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus was 56.2% for neonates weighing less than 1000gm, 24.7% for neonates weighing between 1000-1499g, 11.6% for neonates weighing between 1500-1999g and 5.6% for the neonates weighing between 2000-2499g.Conclusions: Thus, incidence of patent ductus arteriosus was inversely proportional to gestational age and birth. Data also suggest that immaturity is the major determinant of the persistent patency of ductus arteriosus.
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for one of the common cause of hospital visits and therefore determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens will help guide physicians to choice the best choice of antibiotics to affected patients. The aim of this study was to isolate the bacteriological agent causing the urinary tract infection and determination of their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods: Our study was hospital based prospective study in which patients suspected of UTI were admitted and urine sample were collected using ‘urinary catheter’ method in patients less than 3 years of age, while for older children ‘mid stream clean catch’ method was used. Cultures were bacteriologically analyzed using standard microbiological procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for the isolated pathogens.Results: 208 patients with suspected UTI were included in study, out of 208 patients, urine cultures were taken from all patients, 38 cultures (18.2%) were reported as positive. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli 27 (71%), Klebsiella Species 6 (15%), Enterococcussps 3(7.8%), Proteus sps 1(2.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1(2.6%). E. coli and Klebsiella showed the highest percentage of resistance to amoxicillin and ampicillin (100%) however, all isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella were susceptible to Nitofurantoin. Among all UTI isolates, least resistance was observed against drugs such as ceftriaxone, cefixime ciproflaxacilin and gentamicin. Conclusion: The finding of our study showed that E. Coli was the most common uropathogen and there was high resistance to routinely used drugs in clinical practice. So it high time to change the empirical therapy from conventional drugs like ampicillin and amoxicillin to drugs like nitrofurantoin or ciprofloxacilin. Keywords: Urinary tract infection, urine culture, antibiotic susceptibility.
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