Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Detection and control of infectious diseases is a major problem, especially in developing countries. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has been introduced as a handheld immunoassay-based point-of-care platform for an automated detection of TB. The CFP10-ESAT6 antigen of M. tuberculosis was used as the target in early detection of TB using LFIA strip-based POC strategy. An interesting platform based on optical signals is implemented as a colour change in the detection area that is visible to the naked eye. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as the colour probe for the detection of a target of interest. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) analysis confirmed that the synthesized AuNPs were appropriate for the immunoassay designed. The platform consists of AuNPs conjugated with specific antibodies (Ab) to capture the antigen of M. tuberculosis. Under the capillary effect, sandwich immunoreactions of AuNP-Ab-antigen were performed on the test pad of the immunostrip, which can be observed by the colour signal on the test line of the strip with a short assay time. Furthermore, the newly developed biosensor was utilized in CFP10-ESAT6 antigen detection in human sputum specimens with satisfactory results. The characteristic coloured bands enable visual detection (naked eye) of target analyte without instrumentation. This noninvasive diagnose system which is sputum-based detection could provide user-friendly and affordable diagnostic tests in developing countries.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is a common airborne infectious disease that leads to millions of deaths every year worldwide. It is still one of the top ten causes of death and the victims of TB are more than HIV/AIDS in 2017. Traditional approaches for MTB detection are either take a long time, unreliable or high cost. The electrochemical techniques (ECTs) as improved and inexpensive approaches to detect the MTB. Many of ECTs were used in MTB detection such as differential pulse voltammetric (DPV), cyclic voltammetric (CV), square wave voltammetric (SWV), amperometric and impedimetric. Principle of the MTB detection using ECTs depends on DNA hybridization of the MTB on the working electrode of ECTs. The researchers developed biosensors or aptasensors and used them for ECTs analyzing to detect the MTB. They developed various biosensors from various composite and DNA probes but all the developed composite of the biosensors were used to coat the electrodes that used in ECTs. Many types of electrodes and electrolytes were used in MTB detection. The most used ECTs in MTB detection is DPV and CV while the least used is amperometric. The ECTs for MTB detection achieved high sensitivity, reliability, low detection time and very low detection limits.
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