Numerous microbes reside in the rhizosphere having plant growth promoting activity, and enhancing the property by increasing plant yield. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has-1 was greater, followed by RM 2 and STA 3. Moreover, the growth indices of the pea plant were found to be better in the co-culture CPP-2 compared with individual strains, followed by RM 2 and STA 3. Thus, the study suggests that the co-culture CPP-2 has a great potential for plant growth promotion as compared with individual strains followed by RM 2 and STA 3 .
Background: Parents of special children face physical, psychological and social impact of their child’s disability, including hopelessness and depression. This study is important as it will help professionals plan and provide effective coping strategies so parents could have a positive perception and behavior for disabilities (like hearing impaired and intellectual disability) in their children. The objective of this study was to analyze level of psychological stress among parents of children with hearing impaired (HI) versus intellectual disability (ID) and relationship between disability and psychological stress.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised of parents (n = 200) of 100 HI and 100 ID children, of both genders, aged 1 to 16 years. These were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling after taking consent from special education centers of Punjab (Pakistan), over a period of six months from May 2017 to October 2017. After collecting demographic details, quantitative assessment of parental stress was done using Parental Stress Scale (PSS). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS v21.Results: The sample population (n=200) consisted of 32.5% male and 67.5% female respondents, with a mean age of 41.23 ± 6.7 years. The mean of total parental psychological stress score was 61.85 ± 17.1 with significant association between disabilities (HI and ID) and psychological stress (p<0.01). In HI group, moderate psychological stress was seen (n=53, 26.5%), while in ID group, profound level of psychological stress was noted in majority (n=70, 35%) of participants.Conclusions: Parents of both HI and ID children showed psychological stress, however, parents of ID children suffered higher level of stress.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous contaminants in environments, are generated as a by-product of incomplete combustion of organic substances. PAH continuously increases and accumulate in surrounding finally affect the environment as well as crop production. Thus, appropriate treatment is required to reduce the concentration and toxicity of these substances. Bioremediation, an effective method, uses the ability of an organism to reduce the concentration of PAH to an acceptable level. This study investigated the ability of PAHs (fluorene) degrading as well plant growth promoting activity by three bacterial strains (MHR 4 , MHR 2 and MB 2) isolated from crude oil polluted soil near fuel filling stations from Haldwani and Bhowali in Uttarakhand region. These strains showed considerable growth over fluorene, as the sole carbon source with 100-500 ppm concentration in Mineral Salt Medium (MSM) agar plates after 24 h. Although, all the strains have potential towards plant growth promoting activity. Comparative study of fluorene degradation was found prominent, 81.2% in strain MHR 4 followed by strain MB 2 , 55% and strain MHR 2 , 37.5%, likewise, the efficiencies of various PGP activities in strain MHR 4 were detected quite high. This was convincing enough to investigate the strain MHR 4 for their molecular identification and to check their efficiency in pot trail experiment. Therefore, the efficient strain MHR 4 was identified on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing and confirmed as Enterobacter sp. The multi traits strain effectively to remove fluorene both from the oil contaminated environment as well as to eliminate the chemical fertilizer by providing diverse PGP activity, is a novel achievement and suggests that Enterobacter sp. MHR 4 have extremely useful for a biotechnological process involving fluorene degradation and plant growth promotion. The unique nature of fluorene degradation as well as plant growth promotion activity has not yet been studied in the same bacterial strain to our knowledge.
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