Unacceptably high incidence of pediatric HIV despite worldwide increased access to antiretroviral therapy. The routine management of these children includes provision of antiretroviral therapy, and periodic assessment of its results and complications. However, no systematic assessment of the nutritional status, lipid profile or screening for cardiovascular disease is done. Our study aimed at describing the occurrence of cardiovascular abnormalities in HIV-infected children under antiretroviral therapy, and at determining the vital outcomes 5 years after. A prospective observational study was implemented at a dedicated HIV center in Maputo City, where we gathered detailed socio-demographic data and performed full cardiovascular evaluation, including transthoracic cardiac ultrasound. A total of 47 children were examined (24 male) of which 10 had abnormal cardiac ultrasound: impaired systolic function (5 children); three had congenital heart defects; one had severe rheumatic aortic regurgitation and one had tuberculous pericarditis. Heart failure was present in five children. The study also uncovered the presence of malnutrition (36 patients; 80% had BMI below 18.5 kg/m 2) and anemia in a considerable proportion of children. On 5 year follow up there was one death due to malária; three new cases of left ventricular dysfunction occurred among children who had normal ultrasound on recruitment. Our results support systematic cardiovascular risk profiling and disease screening in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy, using cardiac ultrasound wherever possible.
Schiff bases are aldehyde-or ketone-like chemical compounds in which an imine or azomethine group replaces the carbonyl group. Such compounds show various beneficial biological activities, such as anti-inflammation and antioxidants. The present study addresses comprehensive evaluation of antidiabetic effect of two novel dibromides and dichlorides substituted Schiff bases substituted Schiff bases (2, 2'-[1, 2-cyclohexanediylbis (n itriloethylidyne) ] bis[4-chlorophenol] (CNCP) and 2, 2'-[1, 2-cyclohexanediylbis(n itriloethylidyne) ] bis[4-bromophenol] (CNBP) with two different doses, high (LD) and low (LD) in streptozotocin and nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. The rats were separated into normal, untreated, treated and reference groups. Except for the normal group, diabetes traits were induced in the rest animals. Insulin level was measured, and the effect of the compounds on biochemical parameters of liver function and lipid profile were evaluated. High glucose and decreased insulin level are observed in the groups. The histological evaluation confirms that the hepatic architecture in the treated animals with a low dose of CNCP is quite similar to that of the normal hepatic structure and characterized by normal central vein, hepatocytes without any fatty alterations and mild red blood cell infiltration. CNCP (LD) and CNBP (HD) are more successful in enhancing cell survival in the diabetic rat's liver and can be responsible for causing much healthier structure and notable morphology improvement.
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