Purpose – This study aims to compare the entrepreneurial activity in China and Pakistan based on these factors: fear of failure, perceived capabilities, perceived opportunities, and knowledge of other entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the data from global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM). In this study, the authors use the cross-sectional data for survey year 2010, both for China and Pakistan. The authors employed the sequential logistic regression model in order to predict the likelihood of involvement in entrepreneurial activity. Findings – Chinese are not significantly influenced by their fear of failure to engage in entrepreneurial activity. Gender is also not a significant predictor of entrepreneurial activity in China. In Pakistan, perception of opportunities does not significantly predict whether to involve in entrepreneurial activity or not, while other factors do. Gender is a significant predictor of entrepreneurial activity in Pakistan. Originality/value – Previously literature is lacking in this kind of a unique comparison based upon GEM data evidence. There are many lessons for Pakistan in this study. There is a need to create awareness among people about the fruits of self-employment. Government should create a conducive environment for doing business. Efforts should be made to enhance the women participation in business.
SME has a significant impact on the growth and development of any nation economy. The entrepreneurship in Oman expected to be a leading factor in the economic due to the opportunities afforded by increasing economic diversification and corresponding rise in job opportunities and other benefits. However, entrepreneurship has faced many challenges and obstacles to its progress and growth in Oman, despite the fact that the government has supported this sector to stimulate the market. However, studies show that many challenges are still plague both startups and governments. This study therefore aims to develop an ecosystem for entrepreneurship in the Omani context as a new solution to overcome such challenges. Entrepreneurship ecosystem has a positive influence on business growth and on the creation of new businesses, with the result that this concept has received attention from both academics and policy makers. By using a qualitative research method, a total of 10 interviewees were selected to answer the major research questions and thus provide more explanation about the issues that SME faces and find the exact factors that can influence these types of enterprises. Based on the findings from qualitative research through discussions with entrepreneurs, we can conclude that there are five factors: human capital; government; support; finance and technology, all of which have a significant impact on Omani entrepreneurship success and start-ups. These results contribute to the current literature regarding entrepreneurship ecosystems. They also give greater attention to the policy makers in Oman who facilitate the implementation of this framework as well as motivating the different business owners or start-ups to develop their business strategies based on the requirements shown in the framework. In addition, a number of suggestions have been presented as focus points when developing a strategic plan to support the entrepreneurship sector.
The achievement of robust employee performance (EP) is a critical issue for every organization due to its significant contribution to organizational success. This study aims to examine the impact of employee-related factors on EP at private banks in Sindh, Pakistan. The researchers used quantitative methods to obtain data from private banks in Sindh at random using a survey questionnaire. The researchers distributed or delivered 528 survey forms to the various branches of Sindh's private banks. The researcher returned 318 valid surveys with a 60% response rate. The overall reliability of the questionnaire is noticed as 0.853, while individual factor reliability also appeared as greater than 0.60. The researchers used the structural equation model (SEM) to assess the hypothesized paths by analysis of moment structures (AMOS). The study findings suggest that the employee-related factors, i.e. proactivity (PA), adaptability (AD), intrinsic motivation (IM), skills flexibility (SF), commitment (CMT) and skill level (SL) significantly and positively affect EP. This study contributes to the HRM literature, particularly in the area of EP and assists the management and practitioners of human resources management and development in increasing organizational performance.
The objective of this research article is to analyze the effectiveness of the regulations outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 in preventing marine pollution caused by garbage from ships. Marine pollution threatens oceans and UNCLOS 1982 regulates ship garbage to prevent it. UNCLOS 1982's effectiveness in preventing marine pollution is debated. This study analyzes regulations and assesses implementation across countries. This research article has been applied qualitative research methodology. The study finds that although many countries have ratified UNCLOS 1982, there are significant differences in the implementation of the regulations among countries. Some countries have implemented the regulations effectively, while others have failed to do so. UNCLOS 1982 is crucial to prevent marine pollution by ship garbage. The study suggests improving implementation through stakeholder awareness, enforcement mechanisms, and monitoring. Countries must work together to prevent marine pollution caused by ship garbage
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