Green Revolution is an effort to increase food production, especially in developing countries, by using agricultural modernization technology. This article identifies and evaluates some of the implementation impacts of technology modernization, in particular by taking a case study in the red onion cultivation in Brebes Regency. This study uses a historical method with a sociological approach that emphasizes the use of textual sources from newspapers and official reports, oral sources, and direct observation in the field. The results of this study found that through the Green Revolution, farmers were familiar with the use of artificial fertilizers, superior seeds, anti-pest pesticides, and so on. However, it led to high dependency on chemical fertilization, therefore production cost will be more inefficient. In the end, a large dependence of farmers also includes the fertilizer’s companies, namely large companies that produce artificial fertilizers, pesticides and so on. In extreme terms, there is a new form of neo-colonialism in the cultivation system in developing countries.
This article discusses the Sumpah Pemuda Arab (Arab Youth Pledge) in 1934 which became the forerunner of the formation of the first Arab-Hadrami nationalist organization, the Arab Association of Indonesia (PAI) which later became the Arab Party of Indonesia (PAI). This article conducted by using the historical method. Sumpah Pemuda Arab 1934 is the answer to the struggle of Arab-Hadrami identity and nationalism to fulfill its right as part of Indonesian citizen (WNI). This historical study is important in view of the fact that the phenomenon of the Arabism movement which is now emerging through the involvement of symbols and the identity of the oneness tends to place Arab-Hadrami as opposed to the direction and commitment of the nation.
The purpose of this research is to find out the social values contained in the horse racing tradition. The author took a case study in the Boal Village area, Empang District, Sumbawa Regency. The method used was descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection methods used were observation, interview, and documentation. Then the data found were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model (1984), including: data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the tradition existed before Indonesia's independence and is still taught from generation to generation until now. The horse racing tradition in Boal Village is a tradition played to celebrate the rice harvest and the anniversary of Boal Village. This tradition is one of the traditions that is arguably quite extreme because in the implementation of this tradition there are little jockeys who act as horsemen so that many argue that this tradition causes broken bones or the like, but it can be seen that until now the players who carry out this tradition are still fresh and fit until now. The social values contained in this tradition include the value of togetherness or mutual cooperation, the value of friendship, and the value of solidarity, the value of sportsmanship, and the economic value contained in horse racing culture.
Brebes saat ini dikenal sebagai sentra produksi bawang merah terbesar di Indonesia. Usaha pertanian bawang merah Brebes melibatkan sebagian besar penduduknya yang menggantungkan hidup mereka pada sektor tersebut. Secara sosiologis, struktur sosial masyarakat petani bawang merah di daerah itu sangat kompleks, dengan keterlibatan berbagai pihak dengan berbagai peran dan kedudukannya. Demikian pula pola-pola hubungan kerja yang terjalin di dalamnya antara kelompok satu dengan kelompok yang lain. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengungkap gambaran struktur sosial dan pola-pola hubungan kerja dalam masyarakat petani bawang merah Brebes yang dilakukan melalui studi kasus di Desa Sigentong, Kecamatan Wanasari, Kabupaten Brebes. Penelitian ini adalah sebuah penelitian kualitiatif yang disusun menggunakan metode observasi partisipan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum bahwa terdapat pelapisan sosial masyarakat petani di Desa Sigentong pada masa produksi dan masa pascapanen. Pelapisan sosial pada masa produksi terdiri dari kelompok para juragan yang terdiri dari juragan pemilik tanah, petani dan buruh. Sementara pada pelapisan sosial masa pascapanen, secara umum terdiri atas kelompok juragan pada lapisan paling atas dan buruh pada lapisan paling bawah. Terkait dengan pola hubungan kerja dalam masyarakat petani bawang merah secara umum, hubungan antara juragan dan petani diikat oleh sistem penguasaan tanah dengan sewa, gadai dan bagi hasil. Di antara petani dan buruh, bentuk hubungan kerja yang ada bersifat borongan dan lepas. Secara umum pola-pola hubungan di antara mereka satu sama lain tidak terikat dan cenderung dianggap saling menguntungkan.
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