The aquaculture sludge discharged from shrimp aquaculture industry may result in high organic content and nutrients that are considered as a source of surface and ground pollution. Hence, before disposing, it has to be treated efficiently to reduce its pollutants concentration. Anaerobic digestion technology has been commonly applied for sludge treatment but it requires longer retention time and the efficiency for the overall organic matter degradation is relatively low.Therefore, a pretreatment is usually applied before further anaerobic treatment. This study focused on the production of bio catalytic enzyme from fermentation of fruit and vegetable wastes such as pineapple, mango, orange and tomato dregs to increase the aquaculture sludge stability. The solution of the wastes is known as garbage enzyme. It was produced by three MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology 13 months' fermentation of molasses, waste and water mixture with the ratio of 1:3:10.Characterization of the enzyme showed that it possessed lipase, amylase and protease activities.All types of fruit and vegetable wastes were pretreated individually at pH 7.0 within the duration of 120 hours and were labelled as pineapple garbage enzyme (PGE), mango garbage enzyme (MGE), orange garbage enzyme (OGE) and tomato garbage enzyme (TGE). The efficiency of the pretreatment was evaluated based on the removal of total suspended solid (TSS), volatile suspended solid (VSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). A higher removal of all parameters was observed in all pretreated experiments. The pineapple garbage enzyme performed a greater reduction of TSS and VSS within the range of 54 percent to 72 percent. COD removal efficiency was higher in pineapple and orang garbage enzyme with 82 percent and 88 percent removal, respectively. While for TAN, orange garbage enzyme showed a higher reduction with 65 percent removal. These findings proved that enzyme solution produced from fruit and vegetable wastes have the potential to pretreat aquaculture sludge when the reduction of selected parameters were observed and this will help reducing shock lock or inhibition prior to anaerobic digestion.

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Lignocellulosic material consists of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Converting lignocellulosic biomass such as cow manure (CM) into value-added products provides a potential alternative. Hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose is a limiting step during Anaerobic Digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin in lignocellulosic biomass is the barrier for hydrolysis, thus limits the biogas production. In this study, the effect of A.Fumigatus SK1 and Trichoderma sp. on enzymatic pre-treatment of CM was investigated with respect to the biogas production. Three set of anaerobic digestion assays were carried out, with a working volume of 500 mL at 35 ± 2°C and 120 rpm. The first set of fermentation contained untreated CM. The second set of fermentation involved addition of A.Fumigatus SK1, and the last set contained Trichoderma sp. Several analysis were conducted to determine the biomethane potential (BMP), anaerobic biodegradability, reducing sugars concentration and lignin removal of CM before and after pre-treatment. Result showed that, among both evaluated pre-treatment methods, CM treated with Trichoderma sp. gave the highest methane potential with 0.023 LCH4-STP g VS-1 compared to CM treated with A.Fumigatus SK1(0.011 LCH4-STP g VS-1). A good correlation have been found in this study between lignin removal and reducing sugar produced where, the total lignin removal after treated with Trichoderma sp. was 60% followed by 43% after treated with A.Fumigatus SK1.The reducing sugar produced after pre-treated with Trichoderma sp. and A.Fumigatus SK1 was about 9.59 and 4.91 μmol glucose, respectively. These results collectively suggested that CM treated with Trichoderma sp. could be a better pre-treatment method for the higher methane production in anaerobic mono-digestion process.