Leiomyoma of nasal cavity is an extremely rare and unusual benign mass that uncommonly arises from the nasal septum. These are vascular or nonvascular masses of myogenic origin. We present a rare case of leiomyoma arising from the nasal septum and discuss its management using KTP 532 laser.

Nasal polyposis is often encountered in rhinology practice. Those who fail conservative management, a definitive surgery is essential to achieve sufficient ventilation and drainage of the affected sinuses by using either microdebrider or conventional instruments for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). A prospective study was conducted on 40 cases of nasal polypi in a tertiary care hospital. 20 cases were operated by conventional endoscopic instruments and 20 using the microdebrider. The study aimed at comparing the intra operative (blood loss, duration of surgery) and post operative results (crusting, scarring, discharge, symptoms, recurrence) between the two groups using LundMackay scoring system and the data was statistically analysed. There was no statistically significant difference in surgical outcome for patients when either conventional endoscopic instruments or microdebrider was used. However, there was a significant symptomatic improvement in cases undergoing microdebrider FESS. Microdebrider assisted polypectomy is precise, relatively bloodless surgery though the precision depends on the surgeon's anatomical knowledge and operative skills. Study substantiates that these instruments are helpful but not a prerequisite for successful outcomes in FESS. The study re-emphasises the utility of the microdebrider to young learning FESS surgeons.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Pediatric neck masses are a reason for anxiety for both patients and doctor as there can be chances of malignancy. There are few established guidelines for evaluation. The etiology is varied so a thorough knowledge of clinical presentation is essential. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A clinicopathological analysis of 150 cases of neck masses in children upto 12 years of age attending the outpatient clinic between Jan 2015 to June 2016 were included. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Maximum cases of reactive lymphadenopathy were found in our study 81 (20.7%), 23 (14.7%) thyroglossal cyst, 22 (14.7%) suppurative lymphadenopathy, mycobacterial lymphadenitis 20 (13.3%), dermoid cyst 17 (11.3%), branchial cyst 15 (10%), tubercular abscess 10 (6.7%), 3 cases (2%) each of Hodgkins lymphoma, lipoma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma were seen. FNAC was conclusive in 140 cases (93.4%). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Percentage wise inflammatory etiology was the commonest (55.4%) followed by congenital (38.6%) and last was neoplastic (6 %). An orderly and sequential approach is needed to manage pediatric masses.</span></p>

Tubercular otitis media is well reported in the scientific literature, but infections with atypical mycobacteria are poorly represented. Atypical mycobacteria are slowly emerging as a cause of various head and neck infections over the past few decades. Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing, Group IV organism of Runyon's classification. Review of literature reveals only five otology cases affected by this organism. We report a case who responded very well with surgery and conventional antitubercular treatment.

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Introduction: Among the extracranial complications of cholesteatoma, the most common is labyrinthine fistula (LF). The causes are still poorly understood for cholesteatoma-induced labyrinthine fistula. Some of the possible factors described in the literature are the patient's age, duration of the disease, growth pattern of cholesteatoma, and disease aggressiveness. These affect the site of development of labyrinthine fistula. Cholesteatoma and its complications pose a great burden on the economic and health sector of developing nations. Aim and objective: The objective is to estimate the incidence of labyrinthine fistula in cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media (COM) and analyze the clinical presentation and post-surgical improvement in hearing and vertigo in the study cohort. Materials and method: The study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology. It involved retrospective data collection of case records between 2018 and 2022. All patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media (COM) with cholesteatoma were reviewed retrospectively in a tertiary healthcare center. Of the 324 cases reviewed, 21 had an LF. Results: The incidence rate of LF in our study was 6.48%. Sixteen (76.1%) patients were male, and five (23.9%) were female. The youngest patient was a 10-year-old male, and the oldest was a 51-year-old female. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 34.09 ± 10.05 years. The left ear (76.1%) was affected more than the right ear. All cases were from rural areas, and 16 (76.1%) of them were farmers. Ear discharge (85%) was the most common symptom, followed by hearing loss (76%) and then vertigo (47%). A very peculiar risk factor of self-cleansing the ear was noticed in all patients. Out of the 21 patients who underwent surgery, it was observed that the lateral semicircular canal (LSCC) was the commonest site of the fistula. According to the Dornhoffer and Milewski classification, type II LF was the commonest type. In one patient with a type III LF, a foreign body (a piece of a twig) was found intraoperatively near the LSCC fistula site. Two patients had multiple fistulae. Six patients had associated mastocutaneous fistula, and one had facial nerve paralysis. All patients, except one, were free of vertigo following surgery. Postoperatively, the bone conduction thresholds were similar to the pre-surgical values in 12 of 16 (74%) patients. Conclusion: The incidence of LF is still higher in developing countries, predominantly in rural populations, where the habit of self-cleansing the ear is a common practice. The common symptoms of COM with LF are ear discharge, hearing impairment, and vertigo. All the cases had a habit of frequent self-cleansing of the external ear as an important risk factor. Therefore, implementing awareness programs on maintaining aural hygiene in rural health centers may reduce the incidence of cholesteatomatous LF, thereby preserving hearing and vestibular functions and improving the quality of life. However, the above statement n...