In this work, the mathematical characterization of the cascaded ηprefix−μ$$ \eta -\mu $$ fading channel based on multiplicative modeling is discussed. The proposed cascaded ηprefix−μ$$ \eta -\mu $$ probability density function is derived by taking the product of N$$ N $$ statistically independent, but not necessarily identically distributed ηprefix−μ$$ \eta -\mu $$ fading random variables, which encompasses various well‐known distributions as cascaded Nakagami‐m, Hoyt, and Rayleigh distributions. In particular, other statistical measures such as cumulative distribution function, moment generating function, and moment of the cascaded channels, are developed. This set of derived results is further utilized in studying the reliability performance of the wireless cascaded fading channels. The system reliability is comprehensively investigated through various statistical metrics like average symbol error probability, ergodic capacity, outage probability, and effective capacity. All the developed results are of intractable univariate Foxs H‐function form. The accuracy of the numerical results is extensively validated through Monte‐Carlo simulation.
DNS, Domain Name System is a protocol that resolves hostnames to IP Addresses over the Internet. DNS, being an open source, it is less secure and it has no means of determining whether domain name data comes from an authorised domain owner. So, these vulnerabilities lead to a number of attacks, such as, cache poisoning, cache spoofing etc. Hence, there is a need of securing DNS. Digital Signatures are a good way of authyenticating the domain owners. The paper presents the Domain Name System security concept,. Digital Signature algorithms helps in providing good level of security to DNS. Software like OpenDNSSEC, BIND, Secure64 etc. It involves the signing of DNS using cryptographical algorithms (e.g., RSA, DSA etc.). Further, ECDSA is one way that provides same level of security, as security provided by RSA for low power and portable devices. So, here we proposing a new ECDSA implementation that can be used to secure DNS.
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