At present, surveillance is attracting attention in the field of UAV development. In particular, border surveillance plays a vital role in obtaining the required data around the border and for assisting in military operations. The primary function of this Hybrid UAV (VTOL and Fixed Wing) is to provide prerequisite data, captured during day/night surveillance, to the respective database. One of the primary problems that arise in border patrolling is the use of the UAV under different environmental conditions, thereby reducing its endurance firmly. In addition to the surveillance equipment, energy harvesting techniques are involved in solving the problem of endurance. The piezoelectric energy harvester and solar panels are added to harvest electrical energy in the UAV. Based on this application, the conceptual design of the Hybrid UAV, based on nature, was designed and investigated theoretically, as well as computationally. A series of analysis, which includes Computational Fluid Dynamics, Finite Element Analysis and Analytical approach, was used to determine the energy harvested from the energy harvester. This work confirms the proposed integrated engineering approach for the estimation of renewable energy, via PVEH patches, and the same approach is thus offered to researchers for subsequent applications. Additionally, a hybrid energy idea for newly developed drones was proposed in this work. This concept will be extensively used in the unmanned aircraft system sectors.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and their allies have dramatically increased aerospace's energy needs. To meet this need, hybrid power systems and extensive power utilization evaluations must be developed. This research focuses on energy and exergy-based studies of hybrid wind power systems for fixed-wing UAVs, which depend on wind turbines and piezoelectric patches. The proposed hybrid wind turbine is planned to be located at the fixed-wing UAVs' rear position. The wind turbine was initially conceived and built using analytical methods and CAD tools based on power input. The wind turbine's CFD has produced the desired aerodynamic pressures and temperatures, torque, and power. Wind turbine exergy efficiencies have been determined using standard and specialized methods. Wind turbine blades are also patched with PVEH patches to generate hybrid electricity from renewable sources. CFRP-UD-Prepreg, CFRP-Woven-Prepreg, GFRP-FR-4-Fabric, GFRP-S-UD, GFRP-E-Fabric, and KFRP-49-UD are the lightweight materials used in this work. PVEH patches, along with wind turbines, have been studied for energy and exergy. Modern engineering methods have shown that the proposed hybrid system is better suited to meet high power requirements. Based on this system, the wind turbine system is 0.39226 and the PVEH patches are 0.28131. Finally, aeroacoustic, vibrational, and structural studies are computationally analyzed.
The present article is focused on a detailed computationalinvestigation of energy production capacity of various lightweight materials that are employed with piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters (PVEHs) subjected to various aeroelastic effects. Piezoelectric transducers are primarily employed to capture vibrational energy, which yields predictable and locally storable electrical energy. Higher energy extraction is possible under larger deflections of the structures when they are employed with PVEHs. In order to estimate the largest possible deflection of the structures, the response of them under external perturbations is estimated. An airplane wing consists of tapered planform, an advanced wind turbine blade, and the rectangular wings of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are considered for the vibrational analysis as the feasibility of achieving larger deflection is high compared with other aerodynamic surfaces. The stated elastic structures are modelled with different lightweight materials such as aluminium alloy, glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP), titanium alloy, carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP), and Kevlar fibre-reinforced polymer (KFRP). Advanced partly coupled computational simulations are carried out with computational fluid dynamics (CFDs), and structural and vibrational effects to investigate the energy harvesting potential from the perturbations. Based on the outcomes of vibrational analysis, the raw transformable power production capacity of different lightweight materials that are employed with a cantilevered PVEH is estimated. The most suitable combination of material and associated aeroelastic effect which yields a significant amount of raw energy in each application is proposed and discussed with findings.
Load withstanding characteristics are one of the major considerations involved in structural engineering because the lifetime factor is directly proportional to load withstanding behavior. Thus, this work computationally analyzes the load withstanding behavior of various sandwich lightweight composite materials under the given flexural load. In this work, four major materials are imposed under flexural loads for two different cum prime core structures such as hexagonal cross-section and twisted cum integrated pentagonal cross-section. The major materials implemented for this comparative investigation are Aluminium Alloy, CFRP, GFRP, and KFRP. All the computational composite models are constructed through the advanced computational tool (i.e., ANSYS Workbench). Finally, the best structures with respect to their lightweight materials are shortlisted to withstand a high amount of flexural loads. According to this comprehensive study, the CFRP-based honeycomb sandwich composite performed better than all other lightweight materials.
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