A cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology was reported from the city of Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China, in December 2019. A novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the causative agent of the disease which was subsequently termed as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the lower res-piratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans.
Background: UTI is one of the commonest bacterial infection with significant economic burden on the health care system in developing countries like India. Rising antibiotic resistance is a matter of great concern. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern in patients with UTI in Tertiary Care Hospital in western Rajasthan India. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from December 2017 to November 2018 at MDM hospital S.N. medical college, Jodhpur in western Rajasthan. Materials and methods: All the patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection, presented in the outpatient unit or developed symptoms within 48 hr of hospitalisation were included in the study. Only those patients with significant bacteriuria (105 cfu/ml) were included. Results: The total prevalence of UTI was 55.34% in our study. Most common bacteria isolated in urine sample was E. coli (37.2%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (10.2%), Enterococci spp. (3.3%), and Pseudomonas spp. (1.9%). Gram-negative bacteria represented 92.44% of the isolates. E. coli showed maximum resistance towards co-trimoxazole (78.75%) followed by cefuroxime (77.5%) & ciprofloxacin (72.5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the highest resistance against co-trimoxazole (23.75%) and ciprofloxacin (23.75%). Conclusions: The present study gives an idea about the common trend of antibiotic resistance of uropathogens in this region. The findings in our study will help in the formulation of antibiotic policy and determination of empirical treatment of UTI in this region.
Background: Studying medicine is stressful. Stress may cause serious health problems and affects their professional life. Hence establishing a database on the extent of the problem will help in the planning of measures to reduce stress. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of stress among the medical students. Methods: Cross-sectional study was done using 40 item medical student stressor questionnaire (MSSQ) to evaluate the level of stress and the stressors and hence finding the factors associated with it. Data were analysed using EPI INFO. Results: Of the medical students who were administered questionnaire, 250 (83%) participated in the study. About 17.2% are from Tamil medium. 37.2% were first child in the family. 64.4% and 57.6% have responded that 6-8hrs sleep needed and the actual sleeping hours respectively. About 74%, 75.2%, 62.8% and 56.4% have less focus, less energy and motivation, negative mood and poor academic performance due to decreased sleep. Academic and group related activities contribute to about 29.2%, 20.8% of the total stress respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of stress among medical students is moderate to high. The second and final year students are having high stress levels. Academic and group related activities were the major stressors among medical students. Year of study and being the first doctor in the family were the best predictors of a medical student’s stress level.
Background: COVID – 19 is a pandemic that originated from Wuhan, China in the end of 2019. The objective of the present study is to report the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 patients of tertiary care hospital of Western Rajasthan, India.Methods: A total of 1632 cases of COVID-19 were investigated. The patients tested positive by RT-PCR assay were included in the study. The data was obtained from medical record forms of the patients.Results: Out of total patients, 63.42% patients were male and 81.06% of patients were below age of 50 years. The mean of age was 34.93 ±17.61 years and median of age was 32 years. Asymptomatic patients or patients with mild symptoms constituted 66.66% of the study population and 35% of patients had comorbidities. The major comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (2.81%), hypertension (1.59%) and pulmonary diseases (1.04%). Total 40 deaths occurred so the overall CFR was 2.45%. Among the 40 deaths, the mean of age was 57.57±15.67 years. Patients over 50 years of age had the highest CFR among the age groups (18.93%). The CFR for males was 2.34% and for females 2.68%. A total of 14 (35.00%) of patients had multiple comorbidities.Conclusions: The findings of our study emphasize the significant impact of old age and multiple comorbidities on the risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients. It is suggested to take adequate preventative measures more seriously in elderly patients. Also regarding medical care, it is vital to pay special attention to elderly patients with comorbidities.
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