Considering the cutthroat competition in IT organizations, public and state-based organizations are trying to develop strategies to promote innovation in the organizations. However, due to monopolistic structure, employee rigidness, and lack of innovation climate, employees are reluctant to perform innovatively in such organizations. New HRM practices (NHRM) can enrich the talented, motivated, committed, and innovative staff to enhance innovation. However, empirical evidence to prove this relationship is insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of NHRM practices on innovation performance with the mediating role of organizational innovation and the moderating role of the innovation climate. Data collected from semi-government IT-based organizations provide results that there is a significant positive relationship between NHRM practices and innovation performance. The mediating role of organizational innovation was also found. Moreover, the results of the moderated-mediation show that the mediating role of organizational innovation is also strong if the organizational climate is more innovative. These results provide managerial guidelines to promote NHRM practices to enhance innovation performance in the semi-government IT-based organizations of Pakistan.

Globalization policies are encouraging manufacturing companies to produce environmentfriendly products that offer a sustainable competitive advantage. Currently, product recovery and zero-waste supply chains have caught the attention of manufacturers and professionals. Reverse logistics (RL) is considered as the most significant part of supply chain management in developed countries; unfortunately, its implementation in developing countries is in the initial stages due to certain barriers. This study aims to identify and verify the barriers to implementation of reverse logistics using a two-stage methodology: the Delphi Method and Structural Equation Modeling. A comprehensive literature review was considered to identify a primary set of barriers. Using the Delphi Method, a team of experts screened out barriers after performing three iterations. A survey-based questionnaire was then sent out to supply chain and logistics employees in the manufacturing industry and relevant government authorities. Five hundred and forty-seven useful responses were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) & AMOS 21 softwares using Structural Equation Modeling to verify barriers, and ranked according to their severity. The most critical barriers with respect to each category are: high cost of reverse logistics adoption (finance and economics), lack of skilled professionals (knowledge and experience), lack of government supportive policies (law and regulation), poor organizational culture (management), lack of human resources (infrastructure and technology), lack of environmental law awareness (environment), lack of community pressure (market) and company policies (reverse logistics in policy). Overall, the top five barriers found in this study include lack of initial capital, lack of skilled professional in RL, companies' policies against RL, lack of new technologies and information systems, and lack of community pressure. Knowledge about barriers to reverse logistics allows manufacturing companies to prepare a priority list of actions for better implementation of the reverse logistics system. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4202 2 of 25 and filling up of landfills [1]. Thus, it has become necessary for companies to incorporate strategies that efficiently and effectively deal with sustainability issues in their supply chain management (SCM) activities [2]. Globalization policies have encouraged manufacturing companies to produce environmentally-friendly products by adopting reengineering and innovative technology. A company's reaction toward the adoption of new technology is becoming its main driver. Product recovery and zero waste supply chains have caught the attention of manufacturers, professionals, and researchers over the last two decades [3][4][5][6][7][8].Reverse logistics is any activity that is directly or indirectly associated with the recovery, collection, or disposal of used products. According to the American Reverse Logistics Executive Council [9], "Reverse logistics is the process of planning, implem...

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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a useful instrument to promote sustainability in organizations by focusing on their social, economic, and environmental aspects. Despite the growing adoption of CSR in the developed countries, it is at an initial stage of adoption in developing countries owing to the challenges faced by organizations. This study empirically identified the barriers to CSR adoption in a developing country context by taking the Pakistani manufacturing industry as a case. A novel framework was developed to analyze the obstacles by integrating the Delphi method (DM), interpretive structural modeling (ISM), and MICMAC. Initially, CSR obstacles were identified from previous literature; these were later filtered by using the DM. Furthermore, the data collected from experts and the results obtained through the application of ISM and MICMAC indicate that the “lack of resources, ” “lack of regulations and standards, ” and “lack of policy incentives” are the most critical barriers impeding CSR implementation in the Pakistani manufacturing industry. “Lack of concern for reputation” and “customers do not care about CSR” emerged as the least essential barriers to CSR adoption. The government, as the primary stakeholder and implementing agency, can act as the moderator to overcome these barriers and take initiatives for the effective adoption of CSR. This study would support manufacturing industry managers’ effort to understand the main obstacles to CSR adoption and develop an effective implementation policy for CSR adoption.

Goal: COVID-19 has a drastic effect on world economic progress and different industries. As the main contributor to countries' economies, the construction industry faced multiple challenges due to pandemics. Therefore, it's essential to identify the impact of COVID-19 on the construction sector and develop safety practices in construction processes. This study proposed necessary construction practices and a crisis management framework needs to adopt in the COVID-19 scenario.Design / Methodology / Approach: At the first stage, data on negative impacts on the construction industry due to the pandemic was compiled. Then, experts were invited to propose emerging safety measures and practices to improve the safety of construction employees. Lastly, crises management framework was proposed, which provides an increased capability of taking measures during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: Results showed that COVID-19 has an adverse effect on the construction sector of different developed and developing countries. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate proposed safety practices at construction sites and apply crises management framework to increase construction productivity during the pandemic. Limitations of the investigation:This study has certain limitations for instance the availability of data regarding construction sector was limited especially about small countries whose economies are not fully documented and construction sector is not regulated. The evaluation and assessment made in this study were generally subjective and it cannot be generalized to other sectors. This work could insist on enhancing the work plan for the future to encounter the uncertain circumstances for construction industry.Practical implications: This work will be useful for construction managers and policy makers to cope with COVID-19 and to adopt necessary safety measure for construction sector. This work also be helpful for other industry stakeholders to pinpoint risk management efforts that could be suitable for their firms. industrialists may use these research efforts to sort out the problem areas and propose an appropriate framework for industry.Originality / Value: This study will provide guidelines to construction professionals for taking necessary measures to cope with COVID-19 and to apply a crises management framework.

Knowledge management (KM) adoption is crucial to integrating sustainable development within the healthcare sector. Different barriers, enablers, and drivers affect KM adoption. Identifying these barriers, enablers, and drivers and their role in KM adoption is the core of successful KM adoption. However, there is scarcity of studies applying quantitative models and combing barriers, enablers and drivers to check their effect on KM adoption, especially form a developing country’s perspective such as Pakistan. Therefore, this study explores the role of barriers, enablers and drivers on KM adoption in Pakistan. Healthcare professionals participated in the data collection process, and results were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings described that: (1) organizational and strategic barriers have significant negative association with KM adoption; (2) government related enablers have significant positive association with KM adoption; (3) healthcare related drivers, and performance-based drivers have significant positive association with KM adoption. This study concludes that government intervention to promote KM adoption is necessary especially in developing countries. These findings will be helpful for the healthcare professionals and policy makers to promote KM adoption in healthcare sector. Current study contributes to the healthcare literature and body of knowledge by providing the empirical evidence of checking the quantitative effect of barriers, enablers and drivers on KM adoption.

Knowledge management (KM) is the source for creating a sustainable competitive advantage, and it helps the organizations to retain, develop, organize and utilize their knowledge. Due to globalization, the organizations must maintain their knowledge assets to survive. Many organizations have realized the potential of KM and are applying it. Since the healthcare industry is growing significantly, it is continuously generating a wealth of knowledge. This knowledge can be recorded, communicated and used by many health care professionals with the help of KM. There is a wealth of research on KM in healthcare of developed countries, but very few studies regarding KM implementation can be found in developing countries i.e., Pakistan. Pakistan is now looking towards the implementation of KM; it is in its initial stages. The implementation of KM in the healthcare of Pakistan is affected by different barriers. In this study, the barriers will be identified and analyzed. An interrelationship between the barriers will be determined, and how the different barriers support each other (driving power), and how they influence each other (dependence power). The results of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and MICMAC (Matrice d'Impacts croises-multipication appliqué an classment i.e., cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) approach show that lack of support from top management, insufficient strategic planning and lack of support from organizational structure are the main barriers to KM adoption in the healthcare of Pakistan. This study provides a solution in determining the main barriers that need to be solved first, and to ensure effective implementation of KM in the healthcare of Pakistan.Sustainability 2018, 10, 4155 2 of 22 KM is being used by various fields such as business, public policy, and information science. A multi-sectorial survey (consisting of organizations from healthcare, manufacturing, retail/wholesale, utilities and telecommunication, financial services and other sectors) revealed that 43% of organizations have a KM initiative in place, and one in ten considered knowledge management to be transforming the way they do business [8]. The healthcare industry, however, is a late adopter of the KM concept compared to the business sector [9]. Researchers and scholars have recently started working on KM for the healthcare industry; KM has quickly and swiftly made its way into the organizational and managerial processes of the healthcare sector [10].In recent years, the healthcare industry has grown exponentially; it is generating a lot of knowledge. The doctors and researchers in the medical field are continuously learning about new diseases, treatments, and care pathways. To capture this knowledge, the healthcare industry is methodically trying to adopt knowledge management (KM) because the customers are expecting to receive better healthcare services. To provide better health service, KM is an appropriate strategy [11,12] to transform the current traditional system of knowledge sharing. KM he...

Brownfield is post-industrial soil resulting from different anthropogenic activities and located in urban centers of cities. Due to the scarcity of urban land and the complexity of renovating old cities, and considering that brownfield research in Pakistan is still in its infancy, defining and evaluating brownfield is necessary for solving environmental issues and promoting sustainable development. Therefore, this study aims to develop a pioneer consensus-based brownfield definition, guidelines, and an evaluation index system to evaluate brownfield redevelopment in Pakistan. Initially, a comprehensive literature review was performed to gather key elements of brownfield definitions and create an evaluation index system. These indicators were further evaluated by different experts through the Delphi Method to develop a final questionnaire. Then, data were collected from relevant stakeholders. An illustrative example using three ideal schemes (housing society, eco-industrial park, and commercial market) is described to apply the evaluation index system. A new methodology combining Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was introduced to assess three ideal schemes. Finally, a pioneer brownfield definition, guidelines, and evaluation index system for brownfield redevelopment were developed, and a further index system was verified through an illustrative example. The standard brownfield definition, guidelines, and established index system is based on the Pakistani context. Due to changes in rules and regulation, and different land characteristics, these findings cannot be generalized to all developing countries. Therefore, further studies must validate the results in their own context. This study will foster brownfield redevelopment implementation in Pakistan and promote sustainable development.