BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Missed root/canal is one of the main causes of endodontic failure. Permanent mandibular canine is considered to be a single rooted tooth. The complex pattern of root canal system poses difficulty in the root canal treatment and the prognosis becomes uncertain if the debridement and obturation of the root canals is not satisfactory therefore our objective of the study is to assess frequency of two roots in permanent mandibular canine of Pakistani population using CBCT scan. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive; retrospective study was planned by using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) images of the past 02 year, i.e. December 2017 till November 2018. Images were assessed for the number of roots in permanent mandibular canines using software NNTVIEWER NewTOM. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 21. RESULTS: 134 permanent mandibular canines of 67 patients were studied. 64.2% of the images were of male patients while 35.8% were of females. Mean age of the patients was 48.12 ± 15.92 years. 7 (5.22%) out of 134 canines had two roots. 4 patients (5.97%) had canines with 2 roots of which 3 patients (4.48%) had bilateral two-rooted canines and 1 patient (1.49%) had unilateral two-rooted canines. Frequency of two roots in mandibular canines had no association with gender (p= 0.127). CONCLUSION: All mandibular permanent canines were single rooted but 5.2% of the permanent mandibular canines had two roots.
Objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of oral ulceration among systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Pakistan and their relationship with disease duration and severity. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Clinic for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, DHQ Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan. 75 adult patients, fulfilling the 1997 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria for SLE, between January and December 2018 were included in the study. Clinical signs comprising of oral cavity were documented and their relationship to disease duration in years and organ damage using SLICC/ACR-DI score was studied. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical assessment. Results: 75 patients with SLE were included in the study. Female to male ratio was 9.5:1 (94.7% females and 5.3% males) and mean age of patients was 30.65 ± 10.71 years. 34 patients (45.3%) had oral ulcers. No significant association was observed between presence of oral ulcers with age (p-value= 0.43), with gender (p-value= 0.618) and disease duration (p-value=0.10). However, mean SLICC/ACR-DI score for SLE patients with oral ulcers was 2.0 as compared to 0.8 for the patients without oral ulcers (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: This study found that Pakistani patients with SLE have high prevalence (45.3%) of oral ulceration, especially in patients with poorly controlled disease and more evidence of organ damage. This warrants the need to create awareness about disease among healthcare workers and patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.