The study of battery behaviors has become a necessity in order to design efficient battery management systems for large-scale energy storage applications. This paper developed an open-circuit-voltage (OCV) characterization system implemented with sequential-control algorithms to study the OCV characteristics in Mn-type Li-ion batteries and their electrode properties regarding the phase-transition mechanisms. Differential voltage (DV) and incremental capacity (IC) techniques are applied for analyzing the phase-transition behaviors. Based on the changes of DV and IC characteristics for the OCV, the phase-transitions are discussed and evaluated to understand electrochemical changes and deterioration mechanisms in the batteries during cycling operations.
This paper presents a modeling of effective series resistance for Lithium-ion batteries, which is focusing on the effect of life cycles in aging cells during operations. A computer-based sequential control system is developed to prepare aging cells and automatically characterize the information of testing batteries. Several aspects of testing parameters during the charge and discharge, such as characteristics of the effective series resistance, amplitudes of the pulse current, changes of the increasing resistance, state of charge, capacity and operating cycles, are considered and analyzed to implement in the effective series resistance model. A methodology based on the experiment of pulse tests is applied as sequential steps for modeling the effective series resistance with life cycle consideration. Comparison results between the proposed model and measured values over the life cycle of the battery show the satisfactory verification with the maximum error lower than 4%.
Understanding battery characteristic behaviors is indispensable in designing and managing large-scale battery-based energy storage systems in high-power applications. This paper presents a practical-based characterization method to model the ohmic series resistance of lithium-ion batteries under life-cycle consideration. Aging cells were prepared in a controlled environment, and the testing information was automatically characterized using a developed computer-based battery test system. An experimental methodology based on the cycling of pulse tests is applied for modeling the ohmic series resistance. Several aspects of the testing parameters during the cycling operations, such as the characteristic changes of the ohmic series resistance, amplitudes of the periodic test current, cell capacity, state of charge, and the rate of change of the resistance increment, are also investigated and analyzed so as to fulfill the resistance model. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by comparing the testing information, showing a satisfactory result.
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