Crude extract from the pericarp of the mangosteen (mangosteen extract [ME]) has exhibited several medicinal properties in both animal models and human cell lines. Interestingly, the cytotoxic activities were always observed in nonpolar fraction of the extract whereas the potent antioxidant was often found in polar fraction. Although it has been demonstrated that the polar fraction of ME exhibited the antioxidant activity, the safety of the polar fraction of ME has never been thoroughly investigated in humans. In this study, we investigated the safety of oral administration of the polar fraction of ME in 11 healthy Thai volunteers. During a 24-week period of the study, only minor and tolerable side effects were reported; no serious side effects were documented. Blood chemistry studies also showed no liver damage or kidney dysfunction in all subjects. We also demonstrated antioxidant property of the polar fraction of ME both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, oral administration of the polar fraction of ME enhanced the antioxidant capability of red blood cells and decreased oxidative damage to proteins within red blood cells and whole blood.
The different isolated constituents would be further studied for future possible use as chemotherapy in cancer and chemoprevention in Alzheimer's disease.
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is one of the most popular fruits in tropical regions. Mangosteen peel contains several phytochemicals that exhibits antioxidant properties. However, the mechanisms underlying the capacity for mangosteen peel extract (ME) to inhibit cellular oxidative stress have not been fully defined. In this study, we found that ME significantly inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH). Treatment with ME significantly increased the mRNA levels of catalase (CAT) and heme oxygenase-1 in both SK-N-SH and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. In addition, elevation of CAT enzyme activity was observed in ME-treated SK-N-SH cells. ME possessed significant antioxidant capacities as determined by anti-lipid peroxidation, H 2 O 2 scavenging activity, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity assays. We found that(2)-epicatechin and the proanthocyanidin dimer are the active compounds in ME that elicit its antioxidant activities. Practical applicationsMangosteen peel has been traditionally used to treat some illnesses. It contains several phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds and flavonoids which elicit a variety of benefits, including antioxidant and cytoprotective effects. The present study demonstrated that mangosteen peel extract (ME) is a rich source of antioxidants that may have potential uses in nutraceuticals for preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress. K E Y W O R D S antioxidant activity, catalase, epicatechin, heme oxygenase-1, mangosteen peel extract, proanthocyanidin
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and acute repetitive seizures (ARS) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Due to the lack of randomized-controlled trials of intravenous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in these conditions, trials of a new generation of AEDs in this aspect are needed. A prospective interventional study was conducted in children under 18 years of age with NCSE or ARS who either had contraindication to or were refractory to first-line AEDs and received intravenous lacosamide. Demographic data, the efficacy of treatment, and adverse effects were recorded. Eleven patients with a median age of 11 years, predominantly female (72.7%), were enrolled. Average loading dose was 227 mg (8.3 mg/kg/dose) and average daily maintenance dose was 249 mg (4.6 mg/kg/dose). All patients (100%) experienced a reduction in seizure frequency within 24 hours. Eight of eleven patients (72.7%) experienced a reduction in seizure frequency of more than 50% by the end of the study, and one patient became seizure-free. In terms of adverse events, one patient had a bradycardia without prolongation of the PR interval. Interestingly, there was a case of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in which a significant improvement in seizure control was achieved. The results indicate that intravenous lacosamide may be an alternative treatment for NCSE or ARS in children. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the use of intravenous lacosamide in Asian children. This study is registered to Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) and the trial registration number is TCTR20180508004.
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