The effect of far-red light (EOD-FR) and heating (EOD-heating) treatment at the end of the day (EOD) on growth for spring shipping of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn was investigated. Plants treated with both EOD-FR and EOD-heating after transplanting on October 29 showed early flower budding associated with a longer main stem and a higher node number compared with untreated plants. SPAD values of the upper leaves and the nitrogen content of leaves in these plants on May 13 were higher than in other treated plants. In contrast, the nitrogen content of roots in both treated plants was lower than in other plants. On measuring the translocation of photosynthate in the early stages, 13 C atom% excess in the stems and leaves of plants under 18°C・FR treatment and in roots on EOD-heating was significantly higher than in plants under 18°C treatment. From these results, it was clarified that both treatments of EOD-FR and EOD-heating at 13°C can advance the growth of plants and stems more than 18°C treatment and effect the activation of photosynthate allocation in early developmental stages to promote growth for spring shipping in regions with low leaves of sunshine during winter.
Teak (Tectona grandis L.) is an important hardwood species in Indonesia. Morphological description of Indonesian teak remains inadequate. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological traits of teak from the different provenances: Malabar, Java and Muna. The study was observed eight macroscopic morphology variables (anthocyanin color, intensity of anthocyanin color, leaf color, leaf size, edge of the leaf, base of blade, top surface texture of leaf, and veins color) and five microscopic morphology variables (adaxial epidermal density, abaxial stomatal density, abaxial stomatal size, trichomes density, and number of trichomes types). The leaf materials were collected from trees sample of each provenance. The Java and Muna provenance presented six similarities of macroscopic morphology of traits. The Malabar provenance materials were the least similar macroscopic morphology, with only one similar trait. Malabar provenance had the highest density of trichomes and stomata. The Malabar provenance had the lowest percentage of similarity coefficient among provenance.
Fast-growing Jabon Merah has been well known as the raw material of plywood and pharmaceuticals. Induction of Gamma-irradiation on Jabon Merah’ seeds is expected to increase the productivity of this species to support the availability of superior timber. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Gamma-irradiation on seeds viability of Jabon Merah from Luwu provenance. Eight doses of Gamma used for irradiating the seeds were 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 Gy. The irradiated seeds were then evaluated their germination rate using Top of Paper Test for each irradiation dose. Here, we applied a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). 15 Gy presented the highest seed germination rate on the first and the second replications, 96 buds out of 0.2-gram seeds and 117 buds of 0.2-gram seeds, respectively. Overall, 15 Gy increased number of bud up to about 62 – 66% when compared to control which was only able to germinate as many as 59 buds of 0.2-gram seeds on first replication, and 60 of 0.2-gram seeds on the second replication. The results showed that Gamma-irradiation did not significantly affect the viability of the seeds.
Jabon Merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Roxb. Havil) is a fast growing local species and has bright economic and market prospects. However, the cultivation is unable to accelerate the productivity of this species. One of the breeding strategies to overcome this problem is to establish Seedling Seed Orchard of progeny test were later converted into seed orchard after one up to several selective thinning. This research was aimed to study the growth of Jabon merahs’ families from ten seed zonations in Sulawesi. It was conducted in a Randomized completely block design (RCBD) consisted of 108 families, four treeplots, and seven blocks with planting spacing of 4x3 meters. The measurement was performed at 24 month-old trees, i.e., tree height and diameter. Percentage of the living tree after two years based on progeny test was 69% with 6.1 m of mean height and 7.8 cm of mean diameter at chest height. Heritability of family for height and diameter at chest height were 0.2337 and 0.1873, respectively. Correlation between genetic and tree height and diameter traits was 0.9121.
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