A simple method was achieved to develop a coating of silver nanoparticles on paper using ultrasonic radiation. Silver nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical reduction method using triethylene glycol as a reducing agent. UV-Vis spectrometry was used to characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles in solution. The coated papers were characterized the surface features by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). The particle size distribution was 78 – 311 nm in diameter depending on ultrasonication time. The coated papers revealed the most effective in the antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923Tand Escherichia coli ATCC 25922T.
Agar and banana (Gros Michel) powder composite film with silver nanoparticles were prepared using a solution casting method. Then, the ratio of agar and banana powder also the concentrations of silver nitrate solution have affected the properties of biocomposite film. These physical properties were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and colorimeter. The results indicated that biocomposite film with the mass ratio of agar to banana = 3:1 (A3B1_Ag50) was brown and had the maximum absorption of UV-Vis light at 432 nm. This biocomposite film exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Because of their microbial activity and physical properties, these biocomposite films have the potential to be used extending the shelf life of food packaging.
Eighty-one microbial odors were isolated and identified based on phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The dominant microbial odors (Group C, 27 isolates) were classified as Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis DSM 20328T. The genome annotation of all representative microbial odors revealed that they consisted of malodor biosynthesis pathways; short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and thioalcohol (3-methyl-3-sulfanyl-hexan-1-ol, 3M3SH). Among them, 3M3SH was the most important malodor compound and its key enzyme was cystathionine beta-lyase. To screen the cystathionine beta-lyase inhibitors by docking with PyRx, three bioactive compounds from natural products [gallic acid (CID 370), 1-heneicosanol (CID 85014) and 2,6-dimethylheptadecane (CID 545603)] were predicted to be effective in binding with the target enzyme close to the synthetic inhibitor [N-(2-Hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (CID 16109340)]. The water extract of Terminalia catappa L. revealed the highest inhibitory effect against the growth of all microbial odor isolates. Hence, our study concludes that the bioactive compounds of T. catappa L. may be used as an appropriate natural source to develop the natural sport deodorant spray in the future.
The high concentration of salt in textile dye wastewater is one of the limiting factors for evaluating an effective biodecolorization system. Thirty-nine strains of salt-tolerant bacteria were screened for their ability to decolorize azo dyes (cationic blue 41) in the presence of 10% NaCl (w/v). Among them, C15-3 was the most effective strain for decolorizing synthetic dye wastewater. Due to the advantages in the use of immobilized cells over other textile wastewater treatments, the entrapment procedure was selected as it generated preferable conditions for dye decolorization. The ratio suitable for the whole cell entrapment technique was 1% (w/v) alginate and 2.5% (w/v) gelatin. In decolorization batching, the immobilized cells were advantaged over free cells for dye removal over a range of pH and temperatures. Synthetic dye wastewater was decolorized by the immobilized cells in the pH 4.0-10.0 range (pH 4.0-8.0 for whole cell system). The immobilized beads were more effective in the removal of synthetic dye at 50°C (optimal temperature) when compared to free cells (optimally at 40°C). Tests revealed that the decolorization products were less phytotoxic when compared to undecolorized azo dye. Immobilized cells were reusable in 4 cycles at pH 7.2 and 37°C, indicating that the addition of immobilized halotolerant cells may be a suitable treatment for industrial effluents in the breakdown of azo dyes.
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