Depression is projected to become the leading cause of disability and the second leading contributor to the global burden of disease in approximately 10 years. Few studies have explored the signs and symptoms of depression experienced by older African American men. Therefore, a pilot study was developed with the goal of addressing this gap in knowledge. Despite a variety of recruitment strategies, the study yielded no participants after nine months of effort. Lessons learned from the recruitment efforts and other researchers’ successful techniques and strategies are discussed.
Background Faith-based mental health interventions developed and implemented using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach hold promise for reaching rural African Americans and addressing health disparities. Objectives To describe the development, challenges, and lessons learned from the Trinity Life Management, a faith-based stress management intervention in a rural African American faith community. Methods The researchers used a CBPR approach by partnering with the African American faith community to develop a stress management intervention. Development strategies include working with key informants, focus groups, and a community advisory board (CAB). Results The community identified the key concepts that should be included in a stress management intervention. Conclusions The faith-based “Trinity Life Management” stress management intervention was developed collaboratively by a CAB and an academic research team. The intervention includes stress management techniques that incorporate Biblical principles and information about the stress–distress–depression continuum.
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Prevalence of chronic hypohydration remains elevated among adults in the USA; however, the health effects of hypohydration in regards to human gut health have not been explored. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study examined the relationship between total water intake, hydration biomarkers (first-morning urine specific gravity [FMU<sub>sg</sub>], first-morning urine volume [FMU<sub>vol</sub>], and plasma copeptin), fecal microbiota, and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in adults (25–45 years, 64% female). Fecal microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region). Immunoassays quantified plasma copeptin and LBP in fasted venous blood samples. Dietary variables were measured using 7-day food records. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyzed differentially abundant microbiota based on median cutoffs for hydration markers. Multiple linear regressions examined the relationship between LBP and copeptin. <b><i>Results:</i></b> LEfSe identified 6 common taxa at the genus or species level that were differentially abundant in FMU<sub>sg</sub>, total water (g/day), or plasma copeptin (µg/mL) groups when split by their median values. Uncultured species in the <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Desulfovibrio</i>, <i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Peptococcus</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i> genera were more abundant in groups that might indicate poorer hydration status. Multivariate linear analyses revealed a positive relationship between plasma copeptin and LBP when controlling confounding variables (<i>F</i>(6,52) = 4.45, <i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.34). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Taxa common between markers are associated with the intestinal mucus layer, which suggests a potential link between hydration status and intestinal mucus homeostasis. The relationship between LBP and copeptin indicates that copeptin may be sensitive to metabolic endotoxemia and potentially gut barrier function.
Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize food and fluid consumption as well as and physical activity patterns in children in relation to ad libitum hydration. Methods Child participants aged 9–11 years (N = 55, 28 females) reported beverage consumption with a 7-day fluid diary. Overall diet was reported using a 7-day diet record and analyses were run using the Nutritional Data System for Research (NDSR). Physical activity was assessed with hip worn accelerometers (Actigraph wGT3x+, Pensacola, FL) over 7 days and aerobic fitness was measured with a VO2 max test. Body composition was assessed with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Urine was collected over a 24hr period and was analyzed separately with a refractometer and freezing point depression for specific gravity (USG) and osmolality (UOsm), respectively. Results Children reported ad libitum consumption of 1645 ± 856 mL of total fluid per day, which was comprised of 37% plain water and 12% milk. The remaining 51% was composed of juice, carbonated, sports, fruit, and caffeinated beverages. Mean 24 h UOsm was 780 ± 250 mOsm/kg and USG was 1.019 ± 0.007. Activity data showed participants spent 52 minutes of MVPA/day. Partial correlations, adjusting for VO2 max, % body fat, sex, energy intake, and accelerometer wear time per day, revealed relationships between plain water consumption and USG (r = −0.32, P = 0.05). USG was related to sedentary activity/day (r = −0.37, P = 0.03); however, there were no other relationships between physical activity and urine hydration markers or plain water intake (all p's > 0.05). Total healthy eating index score (HEI) was not related to plain water intake (r = 0.16, P = 0.34) but trended with UOsm (r = −0.30, P = 0.07). Further, UOsm was inversely correlated with the specific HEI subcomponents of higher vegetable (Rho = −0.32, P = 0.02) and lower saturated fat (Rho = −0.28, P = 0.04) consumption. Conclusions Water consumption in children was below recommendations, and fruit drinks, carbonated drinks, and juice comprised a significant proportion of beverages consumed. Higher water consumption was correlated with lower urine concentration, providing additional support for the importance of water for hydration in children. Finally, hydration was not related to weight status, % body fat, or habitual physical activity. Funding Sources Danone Research, Palaiseau, France.
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between urine specific gravity (USG) and color (UC), and 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) concentrations in an adult population. Methods Adult participants aged 26–45 years (N = 51, 33 females) were recruited from the central Illinois area. Participants collected their urine over a 24-hour period. Pooled urine samples were analyzed for USG and color. UFC concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Whole-body adiposity (%Fat) was assessed via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Pearson and Spearman correlations were conducted to assess bivariate relations between variables. Age and sex were also included as covariates in partial correlation analyses. Results Pearson correlations revealed a positive association between UFC concentrations and hydration biomarkers in both the 24-hour pooled (r = 0.57, P < 0.01) and FMU samples (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). These associations persisted following adjustment for age, %Fat. Additionally, Spearman correlations revealed a positive relationship between UFC concentrations and 24-hour pooled urine color (rho = 0.45, P = 0.01). Conclusions Greater urine concentration, as indicated by elevated USG and color, was related to higher UFC concentrations. Additional experimental work is necessary to determine the extent to which changes in water intake contribute to urinary cortisol and other markers of stress. Funding Sources USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project 1,009,249.
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