The deformation process can induce the precipitation of martensite in austenitic stainless steels. When shear stress is applied at temperatures near Ms, displacive transformation (martensitic transformation) mode is activated. When external stresses are applied, the work done contributes to a change in free energy either raising or lowering the Ms-temperature. Orientation relationships during austenite to martensite phase transformation were investigated in an austenitic stainless steel samples deformed by cold rolling and deformed in a tension test. EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to evaluate parent austenite texture and martensite texture after transformation. The observed orientation relationship between austenite and martensite was compared with the predicted orientation relationship by the phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography (PMTC). Aspects related to variant selection were discussed based on the criterion for the action of applied stress in the martensitic transformation postulated by Patel and Cohen. Results showed a very good agreement between measured and calculated results.
The uranium molybdenum (U-Mo) alloys have potential to be used as low enriched uranium nuclear fuel in research, test and power nuclear reactors. U-Mo alloy with composition between 7 and 10 wt% molybdenum shows excellent body centered cubic phase (γ phase) stabilization and presents a good nuclear fuel testing performance. Hot rolling is commonly utilized to produce parallel fuel plate where it promotes the cladding and the fuel alloy bonding. The mechanical deformation generates crystallographic preferential orientation, the texture, which influences the material properties. This work studied the texture evolution in hot rolled U-Mo alloys. The U7.4Mo and U9.5Mo alloys were melted in a vacuum induction furnace, homogenized at 1000°C for 5 h and then hot rolled at 650°C in three height reductions: 50, 65 and 80%. The crystalline phases and the texture were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The as-cast and processed alloys microstructures were characterized by optical and electronic microscopies. The as-cast, homogenized and deformed alloys have γ phase. It was found microstructural differences between the U7.4Mo and U9.5Mo alloys. The homogenized treatment showed effective for microsegregation reduction and were not observed substantial grain size increasing. The deformed uranium molybdenum alloys presented α, γ, θ texture fibers. The intensity of these texture fibers changes with deformation step.
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