Edward Kilmartin in his work on liturgical anamnesis sought to develop a Trinitarian theology of liturgical participation that could bridge Christ’s historical deeds with present reality in light of the problem of time. Kilmartin identified two poles in liturgical praying: the anamnetic and the epicletic. Together they unite the faithful with Christ in the Holy Spirit. At the same time, Gabriele Winkler in her study of the classical anaphoras has argued that these prayers are centered around a ritual of ascent, whereby the faithful participate in the heavenly liturgy. A survey of the classical anaphoras across the East and West reveals that participation in the heavenly liturgy is a hallmark of eucharistic praying also complemented by an understanding of the divine’s descent to Earth. This ritual articulation of ascent and descent provides ritual/experiential flesh to Kilmartin’s Trinitarian theology of liturgical participation, and the faithful’s participation in Christ’s saving deeds.
El bautismo tuvo un papel clave en la España visigoda. Jamie Wood ha propuesto que este fenómeno fue el resultado de los esfuerzos de las autoridades religiosas y seculares en pilotar la transición desde el arrianismo a la ortodoxia, y en forjar una identidad hispana común. Este articulo pone a Wood en dialogo con Christian McConnell, cuya obra ha cambiado el pensamiento actual sobre la iniciación en el Reino Visigodo en España. El presente artículo argumenta que la bendición del crisma fue el símbolo central que utilizaban los obispos para ejercer su autoridad con el fin de estabilizar la Iglesia y el Estado visigodo.
The Hispano-Mozarabic Rite is a helpful case study for liturgists interested in the construction of community identity across time and in light of various types of crises. From the 6th century to today, a number of internal and external crises—political and ecclesial—have shaped the Rite and have threatened its continued existence. From the Arab invasions in 711 CE, the Rite has been key to the preservation of the Mozarab community, the group of Christians who remained in Muslim-ruled Spain and continued to celebrate the Rite. The Rite is key to their self-understanding and preservation. At the same time, the Rite has been coopted throughout its history for burgeoning Spanish nationalist visions. It has also challenged the centralized ecclesiology of the Roman Catholic Church. In order to shed light on the relationship between crisis and communal identity in this tradition, this article will begin with a historical study of the Rite. The second half of this article will look at the modern celebration of the Rite in Toledo through the use of participant observation. This will reveal the way several communities (the Mozarabs and Spaniards) have used the Rite to navigate various crises throughout history.
As part of the master plan development team for the Yongsan International Business District in Seoul, Korea; Arup devised a total water management solution encompassing stormwater management, wastewater treatment, rainwater harvesting, reclaimed water distribution. With the objective of creating a sustainable metropolis in Seoul, the stormwater management design consisted of integrating low impact development techniques and best management practices to the built environment and landscape. Rainwater harvesting was evaluated as a strategy for reducing and potable water supply. To further reduce the demands on the local water supply and wastewater treatment facility, various types of wastewater treatment and reuse systems were analyzed to determine the optimal solution for the master plan.
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