This paper describes an ongoing web-based 1 approach to collecting color names or color categories. Previous studies have tended to require a large number of observations from a small number of observers. These studies have also tended to limit responses to one-word or monolexical replies. Many studies have also focused on response time or levels of intra-observer agreement in order to identify focal colors. This web-based study uses a distributed design to collect a small number of names from a large number of observers. The responses are neither limited to nor restricted from being monolexical. The focal color analysis is then based on statistical analysis of monolexcially named colors. This paper presents the methodology and infrastructure, as well as considerations for data analysis. Finally, preliminary results of the experiment are results are considered. The data from over 700 participants results in CIELAB hues and lightnesses for the basic colors that agree with previous investigations as well as those investigations agree with each other."Artists can color the sky red because they know it's blue. Those of us who aren't artists must color things the way they really are or people might think we're stupid." Jules Feiffer "Where does the violet tint ends and the orange tint begins? Distinctly we see the difference of the colors, but where exactly does the one first blending enter into the other." Herman Melville
A simultaneous equisection experiment using a CRT in a dark surround was performed to investigate the relationship between a uniform background and the perception of lightness. The resulting curves for different backgrounds show both exponential properties, for black and white backgrounds, and sigmoidal characteristics, for intermediate grays. The sigmoidal properties are due to crispening and roughly intersect the diagonal or identity at the lightness of the background. The simultaneous contrast is greatest for the middle gray and decreases as the device white and black points are approached. An example equation is provided to fit the observations. This equation has as its input the L* of the stimuli and the background and has two fitting parameters. The issue of lightness scaling for backgrounds is also considered and finally extensions to this research are briefly mentioned.
With the advent of high dynamic range imaging and wide gamut color spaces, gamut mapping algorithms have to nudge image colors much more drastically to constrain them within a rendering device's gamut. Classical colorimetry is concerned with color matching and the developed color difference metrics are for small distances. For larger distances, categorization becomes a more useful concept. In the gamut mapping case, lexical distance induced by color names is a more useful metric, which translates to the condition that a nudged color may not cross a name boundary. The new problem is to find these color name boundaries. We compare the experimental procedures used for color naming by linguists, ethnologists, and color scientists and propose a methodology that leads to robust repeatable experiments.
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