Problems at the nexus of Food, Energy and Water Systems (FEWS) are among the most complex challenges we face. Spanning simple to complex temporal, geographic, social, and political framings, the questions raised at this nexus require multidisciplinary if not transdisciplinary approaches. Answers to these questions must draw from engineering, the physical and biological sciences, and the social sciences. Practical solutions depend upon a wide community of stakeholders, including industry, policymakers, and the general public. Yet there are many obstacles to working in a transdisciplinary environment: unfamiliar concepts, specialized terminology, and countless "blind" spots. Graduate education occurs in disciplinary 'silos', often with little regard for the unintended consequences of our research. Existing pedagogical models do not usually train students to understand neighboring disciplines, thus limiting student learning to narrow areas of expertise, and obstructing their potential for transdisciplinary discourse over their careers. Our goal is a virtual resource center-the INFEWS-ER-that provides educational opportunities to supplement graduate students, especially in their development of transdisciplinary competences. Addressing the grand challenges at the heart of the FEWS nexus will depend upon such competence. Students and scholars from diverse disciplines are working together to develop the INFEWS-ER. To date, we have sponsored both a workshop and a symposium to identify priorities to design the initial curriculum.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Maney Publishing is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Field Archaeology. The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) began work in the north central Troodos Mountains ofCyprus in 1992. The aim of the project is to examine the relationships among the exploitation of natural resources (especially copper mining and agriculture), the development of complex social systems, and the changes taking place in the physical landscape. This interim report puts our fieldwork and interpretation into the context of contemporary regional survey practice, and describes our approaches to methodological problems such as sampling strategies, analytical units, and fieldwalking techniques. We present an integrated discussion of two specific areas of interest and an overview of the main results and conclusions of the project to date. In the upper part of the Kouphos River valley in centralCyprus, scattered among the gullies and hummocks of a landscape scoured by erosion, there lie slag heaps, copper smelting sites, check dams, an agricultural settlement, and varying densities of pottery from the Protohistoric Bronze Age to the Late Roman period (ca. 1600 B.c.-ca. A.C. 650). The investigation and analysis of this area and others of equal interest and diversity in the Northern Troodos foothills require a broad range of interdisciplinary techniques and, just as importantly, their full integration: survey archaeology, archaeometallurgy, geomorphology, GIS, geobotany, ethnography, and more. To undertake such an investigation, the Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) has been working since 1992 within a 65 sq km area around the modern villages of Politiko and Mitsero in central Cyprus (FIG. I). SCSP is examining the relationship among the exploitation of natural resources such as copper ore and arable land; the emergence, development, and changing configurations of complex social systems; and changes in the physical landscape across all periods from the early Prehistoric period to the 20th century A.C. SCSP and Regional SurveyEven though interdisciplinary regional survey is now an accepted form of archaeological research, such was not always the case. As late as the mid-1970s a defense of survey as a methodology was still considered necessary (Ammerman 1981: 63; Schiffer, Sullivan, and Klinger 1978: 1). Although such defenses are no longer required, regional survey has not yet settled into a comfortable old age as a methodology. Fractious debate continued throughout the 1970s and 1980s on matters from statistical analysis and sampling design to the definition, indeed the validity, of This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Thu, An ecological approach to understa...
Although relatively infrequent, bile duct leaks are among the primary complications of hepatobiliary surgery and cholecystectomy given the large number of these operations performed annually around the world. Variant biliary anatomy increases the risk of surgical complications, especially if unrecognized on preoperative imaging or intraoperatively. Presented here is a case of a patient with an unrecognized cholecystohepatic duct at the time of surgery leading to bile leak after cholecystectomy. Numerous factors made for a technically difficult surgery with obscuration of the true anatomy, ultimately resulting in transection of the cholecystohepatic duct. Understanding normal and variant biliary anatomy will help prevent avoidable complications of hepatobiliary surgery.
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