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Cytochromes P450 (P450) are a family of isozymes which play an important role in xenobiotic metabolism. The concentration of three P450 isozymes, namely P450-IIE1(A1c),-IIIA(NF) and -IIC8-10(MP) has been measured in human liver biopsies of patients with different alcohol and drug intake status. All these three P450s were expressed in all subjects. Ethanol intake increased P450-IIE1(A1c) content with no effect on the content of the two other P450s. Drug intake (barbiturates) increased both P450-IIIA(NF) and -IIC8-10(MP) content without any effect on P450-IIE1(A1c). This paper brought, at protein level, further evidence of the importance of environmental conditions on P450 isozyme pattern, and therefore, on drug metabolizing capacity of human liver.

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Visualisation Optimisation Model Simulations Experimental System Real world Multiple Computational Stages Multiple Types of Experts Experts' Feedback Interaction ResultsFigure 1: The proposed model exploration framework: multiple experts interact with a visual representation of optimised simulation results. Experts' feedback impacts the exploration at all stages of the computational pipeline.

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A methodology for the closed loop control of biscuit quality during baking is proposed and was validated during several experiments. This methodology involves expert knowledge which is captured in a modular way. Three modules are involved in the control strategy of the process. The first module reproduces sensory evaluation by the operator. The second module diagnoses the state of the process with respect to quality state of biscuits. Finally, a decision module supervises the actuators of the process. Different fuzzy concepts are applied within these modules and fuzzy information is processed through the control chain. Results show that using only 11 rules, all components of quality are controlled with accuracy and robustness. This is particularly interesting in the light of the complexity of the process. Such a modular approach makes it possible to follow the evolution of quality during the process, in successive steps which are easily recorded and interpreted by experts. This approach could be envisaged as an operator decision support system.