The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a membrane-bound molecule involved in cell-cell adhesive interactions which is upregulated on inflammatory epithelial cells. The levels of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) shed into the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were studied in healthy patients and patients with gingivitis, adult periodontitis or rapidly progressive periodontitis, using an ELISA technique. Clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were recorded following careful sampling of GCF with standardised filter strips. In GCF, sICAM-1 levels were higher for patients with plaque (p=0.04) and for patients with inflammation (p=0.02), but did not correlate with disease classifications. These results suggest that elevated GCF sICAM-1 levels may represent increased shedding of this molecule in the interstitial fluid as a result of membrane-bound ICAM-1 upregulation on ICAM-1 gingival-bearing cells in relation with plaque accumulation and inflammation.
Palatal donor sites are commonly used in periodontal surgery. Their healing speed determines the patient's comfort. This may be enhanced by the use of collagen sponges, supplemented with various components of the extracellular matrix, which display chemotactic properties and enhance the proliferation and synthesis activity of fibroblasts. A collagen-based dressing supplemented with such extracellular matrix components, including chondroitin 4 sulfate, heparan sulfate, and fibronectin was used, in an attempt to facilitate the healing of donor sites in 10 periodontal patients. Immunohistological techniques were used on biopsy samples from the margin of these volunteer's healing donor sites to appreciate tissue reconstruction around the synthetic material. Our results indicate a fast epithelial growth, neovascularization, and spatial organization of the new matrix. Limited and topographically selective inflammatory reactions, characterized by polymorphonuclears and mononuclear cells seen near the wound's margin, could be responsible for the production of soluble factors supporting reconstruction.
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