-Cervid populations are rapidly increasing in many part of Western Europe, where they cause damage to forest production. This necessitates a better understanding of what determines their dietary choices. In this experiment, we investigated the relationship between the relative availability of two tree species and diet selection of red deer Cervus elaphus. Three hypotheses were tested: (i) preference for rarity, frequently asserted by foresters, (ii) preference for the more abundant profitable species, as predicted by optimal foraging models, and (iii) frequency-independent selectivity, as already observed in moose and roe deer. Six red deer hinds were therefore observed in shortduration tests when offered two plant species, willow Salix caprea and ash Fraxinus excelsior, in varying proportions. The relation between the relative consumption and availability of the two plant species revealed that red deer prefer ash to willow, and that their short-term selectivity is not a frequency-dependent process. Individual animals differed in the intensity of their preference, but all reacted similarly to variations in the relative availability of the two plant species. Our results advance our understanding of the choices of red deer at the feeding site scale, but further research is needed to propose management practices, which would take advantage of their frequency-independent selectivity. Cervus elaphus / browsing / diet selection / food availability / Salix caprea / Fraxinus excelsiorRésumé -Choix alimentaires du cerf Cervus elaphus selon la disponibilité relative de deux espèces d'arbres. Les populations de Cervidés sont en rapide augmentation en Europe de l'ouest, où elles causent des dégâts à la forêt. Ceci nécessite de mieux comprendre les déterminants de leurs choix alimentaires. Nous avons étudié comment la disponibilité relative de deux espèces d'arbres influence les choix alimentaires du cerf Cervus elaphus en testant trois hypothèses : (i) une sélecti-vité accrue pour les espèces rares souvent évoquée par les forestiers, (ii) une sélectivité accrue pour l'espèce préférée lorsque son abondance augmente, prédite par les modèles d'optimisation, et (iii) une sélectivité indépendante de la disponibilité relative des espèces végétales comme cela a déjà été montré chez l'élan et le chevreuil. Nous avons pour cela observé les choix alimentaires de six biches dans des tests de courte durée, lorsqu'on faisait varier l'abondance relative du saule Salix caprea par N. Chevallier-Redor et al. 58
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