About 120 million tons of red mud is produced worldwide each year. Due to its high basicity and potential leaching, its storage is a critical environmental problem. This material is typically stored in dams, which demands prior care of the disposal area and includes monitoring and maintenance throughout its useful life. Consequently, it is crucial to figure out an industrial solution able to consumes large volumes of this material. At this moment, there are several studies, the majority in metallurgical procedures, building materials, and in the chemical industry, discussing how to reuse red mud. This paper provides a review of the aluminium process, including metal importance, its global production, and the environmental impact due to its manufacture process. It presents a review of the potential application of red mud showing its overall generation, some relevant characterisation results collected from the literature, and its utilisation in diverse areas of engineering. The study aimed to highlight applications where red mud characteristics may be favourable.
The ceramic industry, and others industries of manufacturing and transformation of materials produce, in greater or lesser degree, a quantity of waste that are not reused or doesn’t have a destination ecologically correct. Finding a correct destination for this kind of materials comes being a big tool for society nowadays. In this context, this work proposes the use of waste-based abrasive silicon carbide to promote growth in ceramic bodies to obtain ceramics for better thermal comfort. The porcelain polishing’s residue was added to ceramic mass at different percentages of mass. These samples were sintered the 1.200oC. The results showed the increase in weight of the residue in the samples causes a decrease in the values of apparent and absolute density, and increasing the amount of pores in the material obtained. These pores are responsible for increased water absorption. Employing the program Quantikov was possible to determine the average pore size the sample; the samples identified as 1, 2 and 3 the increase in the content of waste to increase the average pore diameter opened. From the sample 3 to 7, the average pore diameter floats in an equilibrium value, an increasing the added amount of waste will increase porosity, but not its diameter. The sample 8 showed a low level of porosity. The results show the potential for reuse of the waste generated in the polishing of porcelain in the development of ceramics with better thermal comfort, reducing the impact caused by improper disposal and simultaneously reducing production costs.
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