The rising prevalence of diabetes estimated at 3.6 million people in the UK represents a major public health and socioeconomic burden to our National Health Service. Diabetes and its associated complications are of a growing concern. Diabetes-related foot complications have been identified as the single most common cause of morbidity among diabetic patients. The complicating factor of underlying peripheral vascular disease renders the majority of diabetic foot ulcers asymptomatic until latter evidence of non-healing ulcers become evident. Therefore, preventative strategies including annual diabetic foot screening and diabetic foot care interventions facilitated through a multidisciplinary team have been implemented to enable early identification of diabetic patients at high risk of diabetic foot complications. The National Diabetes Foot Care Audit reported significant variability and deficiencies of care throughout England and Wales, with emphasis on change in the structure of healthcare provision and commissioning, improvement of patient education and availability of healthcare access, and emphasis on preventative strategies to reduce morbidities and mortality of this debilitating disease. This review article aims to summarise major risk factors contributing to the development of diabetic foot ulcers. It also considers the key evidence-based strategies towards preventing diabetic foot ulcer. We discuss tools used in risk stratification and classifications of foot ulcer.

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Background Early steroid withdrawal (ESW) improves growth following kidney transplant (KT). It is not known whether these children achieve target height within mid‐parental height range post‐KT. Methods Retrospective analysis of growth patterns of KT recipients following ESW in our center between 2009 and 2020 had minimum follow‐up period of 12 months. Results Forty‐eight (female 29.2%) KT recipients, median age 5.3 years at first KT, were included. At KT, 29 (60.4%) recipients had normal height (SDS≥‐1.88) and in 23 (47.9%), the height was within their target height (parental‐adjusted height SDS within ±1.55). The proportion of children achieving normal height at 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐years post‐KT (median 5.5 years) were 75%, 83.3%, 86.5%, and 88% respectively. The proportion of children achieving target height measured at the same intervals was 68.8%, 73.8%, 73%, and 80%, respectively. Children <6 years were most growth impaired at KT but were most likely to achieve target height within first‐year post‐KT (72%; p = .023). All 19 children with short stature at KT received dialysis. Three children received growth hormone post‐KT. Children who did not achieve target height post‐KT (n = 14), five had eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and eight were on corticosteroid therapy at latest follow‐up. Conclusions Although vast majority of children achieved normal height post‐KT following ESW during the first 5 years post‐KT, 20% of these children had not achieved their target height post‐KT.