Increasing industrialization and urbanization has deteriorated water quality around the world. Nowadays, evaluation of the effects of chemical compounds using bioassays is a critical step in the hazard identification assessment. Thus, this work aimed to determine the genetic damage caused by different types of anthropogenic contamination in a river´s water in Brazil. Two points (P1 and P2) and two periods (referred as direct and indirect anthropogenic contamination) were evaluated in Allium cepa roots. MI was increased (p < 0.05) in both points in the indirect anthropogenic contamination and decreased in the indirect anthropogenic contamination periods. Moreover, parameters as DNA instability (CA and MN) were observed in both periods indicating substances in the water with mutagenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic potential. Interestingly, a 20-fold increase in CA frequencies were observed in P1 and P2 in the second collection period (direct anthropogenic contamination) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our data indicated that anthropogenic activities in the area contributed to contaminate this water source. Moreover, direct anthropogenic contamination maximized the damage, posing a possible hazard to population health.
Background/Aim: Car painting is considered an occupational exposure job with high risk for cancer development, due to the association with harmful chemicals and mutagens. This study aimed to profile car painters occupationally exposed and determine its association with DNA damage and genomic instability. Materials and Methods: We collected a questionnaire and buccal cells of 74 individuals (37 car painters and 37 non-exposed workers) paired by age, alcohol and smoking habits. The number of pyknotic cells, karyolitic cells, karyorrhetic cells, condensed chromatin, binucleated cells, basal cells, differentiated cells (DIFF), micronucleated cells and nuclear buds were evaluated using the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay protocol. Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in all parameters (p<0.05) in the exposed group, but DIFF showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.001), compared to the control group. Conclusion: In association with the poor work environment and lack of personal and collective protective equipment, occupational exposure of car painters leads to high DNA damage, genomic instability and alterations in cellular kinetics.
Basic sanitation systems are not fully effective in removing all the contaminants, promoting contamination to rivers and supply reservoirs. The Metformin hydrochloride (MTF) is one of the most pharmaceutical contaminant found in rivers. The aim of this study was to test the potential effects of MTF sublethal concentrations on the antioxidant system, and mutagenic and tissue damages in Danio rerio. The animals were acclimatized and separated into six groups and exposed to different concentrations of MTF (0, 250, 500, 750, 1250 mg L-1) over 96 hours to determine the Lethal Concentration of 50% of the population (LC50). In another experiment, five groups of ten animals were separated: four groups for evaluation of the chronic effect of 450 g L-1 of MTF (15, 30, 45 and 60 days) and a negative control group (NC). The antioxidant system (SOD, CAT, GST, LPO) and the tissue damage (AST, ALT, CK, CK-MB) were analyzed in the muscle samples, and the mutagenicity assessment (MN and nucleus abnormalities) were performed in the blood samples. Univariate statistical analyzes were performed, as well as integrative analyzes of the Antioxidant System, Tissue Damage and Mutagenicity domains were performed using Principal Component Analysis. The results showed evidence of oxidative stress with changes in lipid peroxidation, mutagenicity with a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleus, and activation of the antioxidant system up to 30 days of treatment. There were also intense tissue damage and the emergence of apoptotic cells at 60 days. This evidence of the toxic effects promoted by sublethal concentrations of MTF can lead to irreversible metabolic damage which reduces the ability of nontarget animals to survive.
Metformin hydrochloride (MET) is an oral medication very prescribed for patients with diabetes, with a large part of its metabolites being eliminated in the urine. Basic sanitation systems are not fully effective in removing all the contaminants, promoting contamination to rivers and supply reservoirs. The objective of this study was to test the potential acute and chronic effects of MET on the antioxidant system, mutagenicity effects and tissue damages in the bioindicator D. rerio. The animals were acclimatized and separated into six groups and exposed to different concentrations of MET (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.25 g.L− 1) over a 96 hour period to determine the LC50. In another experiment, five groups of ten animals were separated as follows: four groups for evaluation of the chronic effect of 0.45 g.L− 1 of metformin hydrochloride (15, 30, 45 and 60 days) and, a negative control group (NC). The antioxidant system and the tissue damages of the muscle samples and, the mutagenicity in the blood samples were evaluated. The presence of oxidative stress and mutagenicity, together with the activation of the antioxidant system, can be visualized up to 30 days of treatment, with intense tissue damages in 60 days and the emergence of apoptotic cells, which is evidence of the toxic potential of this drug to non-target aquatic populations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.