Salmonella abortion of mares takes a leading place in the in factious pathology of horses and leads to the abortion of pregnant mares and infected stallions become salmonella carriers. The disease with salmonella abortion manifests itself in the last months of pregnancy, maybe-during the mass foal of mares-in the spring. The article results obtained of studies on the biological properties and genetic characteristics of the attenuated strain of Salmonella abortus-equi E-841 compared with the control virulent strain of Salmonella Salmonella abortus-equi 7/1. These strains after inoculation on nutrient media retained their viability and had typical cultural-morphological, tinctorial and serological properties. When determining drug resistance, it showed resistance to rifampicin. As a result of studying the biochemical properties, it was found that the strain does not ferment urea, does not decompose gelatin and does not form indole, does not produce hydrogen sulfide. When determining the antigenic structure, it was shown that the attenuated strain is agglutinated in RA on glass with polyvalent and monoreceptor sera. The presence of mutations was determined by sequencing amplification fragments of the rpoB and rpsL genes. In the attenuated salmonella strain, mutations were found in the nucleotide sequences of fragments of the rpoB and rpsL genomes that cause antibiotic resistance and reduce the virulence of the strain, preventing the transformation of the strain into a virulent prototype of salmonella.
Ключевые слова:Dactylorhiza maculata Orchidaceae экологические шкалы экоареал гемеробность Кировская область Аннотация: Виды семейства Орхидные (Orchidaceae Juss.) вследствие биологических особенностей и высокой чувствительности к эдафотопическим условиям являются наиболее уязвимыми элементами естественных экосистем. Большинство представителей Орхидных занесено в Красные книги различного ранга и охраняется на заповедных территориях. Пальчатокоренник пятнистый (Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Sоо) включен в Европейский список сосудистых растений (LC категория), в Приложение II к конвенции CITES, а также в Красные книги 25 регионов РФ, в том числе и Кировской области -3-я категория. Цель исследования -оценка эколого-ценотических предпочтений D. maculata в таежной зоне Вятско-Камского междуречья. Выявление экологических предпочтений D. maculata проведено по индикационным экологическим шкалам Д. Н. Цыганова (1983). В результате проведенных исследований в условиях таежной зоны Кировской области установлено, что вид характеризуется широким потенциальным диапазоном по большинству рассматриваемых факторов. Выявлено, что по отношению к комплексу всех экологических шкал Д. Н. Цыганова D. maculata относится к мезобионтным видам (It = 0.54). По совокупности климатических факторов D. maculata принадлежит к гемистеновалентным видам (It = 0.44). По фактору освещенности-затенения относится к эврибионтным видам (It = 0.67). По отношению к комплексу почвенных факторов D. maculata является гемиэвривалентом (It = 0.60). Показано, что D. maculata -вид, переносящий незначительное и умеренное антропогенное влияние. Во всех исследуемых местообитаниях D. maculata преобладают o (олиго-) и m (мезо-)гемеробные виды.
Viral diseases affecting the essential oil rose, which is a valuable object of agricultural production, may have a significant negative impact on the economic value of this crop. Hence, the study and control of potentially dangerous viruses is essential to improving the quality of cultivars of this raw plant material, to enable production of valuable derivatives. The diversity of viruses affecting Rosa L. plants manifests itself in their conditional division into those that are specific to this crop, and those that are hosted by other plants. Representatives of both groups are found in different countries, however, a low number of viruses identified have been thoroughly studied through the use of experimental methods. In particular, with regard to many viruses, the issue of their spread remains open. The viruses infecting Rosa L. plants along with other crops are described in the literature in detail, as the range of hosts they affect is rather wide and well-studied. It is also possible to single out the three most significant viruses affecting this host—Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Apple mosaic virus and Arabis mosaic virus which individually, or collectively, cause viral diseases that manifest themselves in mosaic symptoms. The most likely mechanisms for the spread of the Rosa L. species viruses are vegetative propagation procedures and transmission by various pests. These presumptions underlie viral infection control methods, including a well-thought-out planting scheme and provision of accurate plant care, which considers plant disinfection, disease monitoring associated with diagnostics and obtaining virus-free material through biotechnology techniques.
Necrobacteriosis affects many species of animals. The most susceptible and sensitive to Fusobacterium necrophorum are reindeer, cattle and small cattle, pigs, and rabbits. A constant carriership of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis in the rumen and intestines of ruminants has been established, causative agent is found in food particles during chewing, as well as in feces. The causative agent of necrobacteriosis is widespread in the environment (livestock buildings, walking yards, manure, soil, pastures, stagnant reservoirs, etc.). Infestation of animals occurs when the pathogen enters the injured areas of the skin or mucous membranes of animals. Disturbed blood circulation, cracks and peeling of the horn happen as a result of long-term keeping of animals in damp premices, grazing them in damp, swampy areas, and also maceration of the limb tissues. Four cultures of the causative agent of cattle necrobacteriosis Fusobacterium necrophorum were isolated from sick animals with symptoms of lameness, their biological properties were studied. The pathogenicity of the isolated cultures was studied in laboratory animals. The work was conducted in laboratory and production conditions in "KazSRVI" LLP and at the dairy farm at "Arkabay" human settlement (village) of Talgar district of Almaty region, where stall keeping of animals is practiced. Slices from the diseased hoof of cows were taken at the border of the diseased and healthy tissue. Samples of the selected biological material were plated on Kitt-Tarozzi medium at the sampling site on the farm. The biological material taken from sick animals was studied within several hours after sampling in accordance with the guidelines for laboratory diagnosis of necrobacteriosis. Material for laboratory research (sections from the horny tissue of the hoof on the border with the healthy one) were taken fresh and inoculated on a nutrient medium for anaerobes. The results of cultivation of the necrobacteriosis causative agent on liquid and solid nutrient media under anaerobic conditions are presented. To get rid of the accompanying microflora and obtain a pure culture of F. necrophorum, a bioassay was set on laboratory animals - rabbits. All isolated cultures were highly pathogenic for rabbits. On the 14-15th day after infection, the experimental rabbits died. A pure culture of F. necrophorum, not contaminated with extraneous microflora, was sown from the internal organs of rabbits. It was found that rabbits are the optimal biomodel for purification of the F. necrophorum culture. The biochemical properties of the isolated cultures have been studied. It was found that epizootic cultures of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis emitted hydrogen sulfide and had hemolytic properties. In experiments in vitro and in vivo, it was found that the isolated cultures of F. necrophorum showed hyaluronidase activity. Cultures of F. necrophorum had a high catalase activity, they split hydrogen peroxide with the formation of oxygen (gas bubbles). When studying biochemical properties, it was found that F. necrophorum releases ammonia within 2-3 hours. Four cultures of F. necrophorum isolated from biological material from cattle were identical in biological properties.
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