Phytodiversity of urban specially protected natural areas (SPNA) was studied using the city of Sevastopol (Crimean Peninsula) as a case study with specific focus on the Maximov's Dacha Natural Park (83.9 hectares) (SPNA) situated in the Khomutova ravine on the site of the former estate. The levels of floristic and phytocenotic diversity were assessed using standard methods of floristic and geobotanical descriptions. It appears that the Maximov's Dacha Natural Park has a high level of floristic diversity-520 species and subspecies from 78 families. The coenotic diversity of the park is formed by associations of forest, steppe, meadow, foreststeppe, shrub, aquatic, and anthropogenically altered communities. The human impact resulted in the formation of habitat diversity promoting floristic diversity of this SPNA.
In 1980-th the average width of beaches of Kalamitskiy Gulf on the Western coast of Crimea was 40 m on accumulative part and 10 m on abrasion. Now they are reduced more than 2 times. Depletion of beaches, abrasion of coasts and erosion of underwater slope accompany these processes. Activation of mentioned processes is caused by deficit of beaches material due to intense anthropogenic impact on the coast. The main factors of human activity in that area are quarrying of sand and pebbles on the beaches; regulation of solid runoff of rivers; unwarranted hydrotechnical construction; dredging; pollution of sea waters and bottom sediment. Between natural factors the Black Sea level rise, sinking down of described coast, wind-wave conditions, beaches lithology and activation of extreme storms facilitate beaches reduction.
The work is dedicated to the development of the system of coastal zone environmental assessment, grounding on the principles of integrated approach to the management of resource and environmental safety in the Azov and Black Sea region. The methodological approaches and applied assessments of the quality control analysis of sea water and benthic sediment according to the monitoring data were formed. The methods of the marine environment biomonitoring were offered; its results have a universal basis and can serve both as the index of investigated cenosis structure and its physiological state.
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