The problem of cultural property smuggling is not new to Russia. Every year, a huge amount of cargo is moved across the border of our country, including rare items, publications, etc. Many of these values are an essential component of the cultural wealth of Russia. This study mainly investigates some prevalent issues of criminal legal regulation of smuggling cultural values. To do so, the general scientific research methods within the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis are considered. Based on the results obtained, it can be inferred that the criminal law protection of cultural property from illegal transportation across the state border is far from ideal. Hence, it seems crucial to single out the smuggling of cultural property as a separate corpus delicti, including increased liability in the presence of qualifying signs to boost the practice of applying criminal liability for this crime.
The article presents the historical and legal study results concerning the specifics of heimath use by the pilots of the Grand Duchy of Finland. To do so, general scientific (dialectical, comparative, historical-genetic, structural-functional), as well as specific scientific (specific-sociological, formal-logical, historical-legal, comparative jurisprudence) methods are utilized. It has been established that a heimath as an additional financial guarantee for the well-being of pilots in the Grand Duchy of Finland came into the Finnish legislation from the Swedish tradition. Pilots, being personally free people, used this form of land tenure as civil servants or as private property. At the same time, differences in the rights of each individual heimath were revealed in terms of its importance, profitability, size, remoteness, as well as in terms of personal qualities and the pilot service position who received it.
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