The purpose of the study is to determine the physical condition of the pupils of pre-school educational establishments of various types for improving the quality of the educational process of physical education. Material and methods . The study involved 3-4 year-old children. The children attended preschool institutions of various types in the city of Dnipro. They were the children's educational establishment №282 of the combined type, the children's educational establishment №192 of the sanatorium type, the children's educational establishment №28 of the compensating type, children's educational establishment №244 and №404 of general development. Control (n = 90) and experimental (n = 95) groups were created in each age group of a particular type of institution. The differentiation of pupils of institutions of different types into two subgroups was caused by their differences in functional indicators and health status. At the beginning of the experiment, the homogeneity of the studied groups of children was noted (p> 0.05). Results. The model of organization of rational motor mode of 3-4 year-old children has been substantiated and developed. Organizational and methodological bases of realization of the model of rational motor mode of 3-4 year-old children in preschool educational institutions of various types have been developed. The influence of the developed model on the physical condition of pupils of pre-school educational institutions of different types has been determined. The study of the anthropometric parameters of children after the implementation of the developed model showed no differences in these parameters. These differences were observed in children of different types of kindergartens in all sex-age groups. The determination of functional abilities of children resulted in a significant improvement in spirometry, respiratory rate, heart rate, Ruffier test in experimental groups of children of both sexes (p <0.05). The indicators of the functional state of the cardiovascular system and physical performance of the pupils of preschool educational establishments of the sanatorium type and the compensating type were lower than the similar indicators of the pupils of general development establishments. The indicators of heart rate of real rest and respiratory rate of children of experimental groups of institutions of the sanatorium and compensating type corresponded to the average level. Conclusions. The obtained result of this empirical study confirms the hypothesis that the organization of rational movement mode for 3-4 year-old children contributes to improving of their physical condition. The obtained results indicate the improvement of the quality of the educational process of physical education of children in pre-school educational establishments of different types.
to develop rational regimes of physical activity and to determine their influence on the physical condition of children aged 3-4 years attending preschool institutions of various types. Material: the research was carried out in preschool educational institutions of various types in the city of Dnepr (Ukraine) (№ 282, combined type, № 192, sanatorium type, № 28, compensatory type, № 244 and № 404, general development). One hundred and eighty-five children took part in the research, 103 of them were 3-year-olds and 82-preschoolers of 4-year-old age. Control and experimental groups were formed in each age group in kindergartens of a certain type. The control group consisted of 91 children, the experimental group-94. In the study we used measurements of anthropometry, pulsometry, spirometry, functional tests. The obtained results were processed by independent t-test to evaluate differences between groups. Results: the functional conditions of the children's study of the experimental groups (boys and girls) have positive changes in the spirometry indices, respiration rates, pulsometry, Ruffier index with a significant difference with the control groups (p<0,05). In addition, in the course of our research, the parameters of the motor activity of children 3-4 years were determined on the base of pacing, while carrying out various organizational forms of physical education. These indicators can be oriented towards the development of a rational motor regimen for younger preschool children. Conclusions: the proposed regimes and forms of motor activity can be used in the organization of physical education of children in preschool educational institutions of different types for the improvement of morphofunctional indices and physical activity.
Aim: To investigate the impact of the peculiarities of the organization of students’ motor activity on their health in the learning process. Materials and Methods: The research involved 164 students (93 men and 71 women) from two higher educational institutions. The research was conducted in 2017-2021 and included carrying-out the comparative analysis of the peculiarities of the organization of physical education in two institutions and the research of their impact on students’ health. The state of students’ health was studied in terms of the indicators of their body length and weight, lung capacity, hand dynamometry, heart rate, blood pressure and level of physical health. Results: It was found that the main difference in the organization of motor activity of students in the studied institutions is the total number of hours provided for the study “Physical Education” academic subject during the years of attendance: compulsory training sessions are held for 4 years in one institution and for 2 years in the other. It was found that the students whose physical education training sessions were conducted throughout the entire study period had significantly better health indicators; there was an increase in the number of students with average, above-average and high levels of physical health. Conclusions: The obtained results show that the peculiarities of the organization of motor activity of students in the higher educational institution have a significant impact on their health, which will help improve their future life-sustaining activities.
Вступ. Останнім часом особливе занепокоєння викликає факт зниження здоров’я дітей дошкільного віку. Підвищення рівня фізичного стану дітей молодшого шкільного віку значною мірою залежить від оптимального рухового режиму в закладах дошкільної освіти. Його змістом є комплекс організаційних форм фізичного виховання (фізкультурні заняття, фізкультурно-оздоровчі заходи в режимі дня, активний відпочинок, самостійна рухова діяльність дитини), який використовується в педагогічному процесі закладів дошкільної освіти. Мета статті – науково обґрунтувати організаційно-методичні підходи до організації рухової діяльності дітей молодшого дошкільного віку в умовах закладів дошкільної освіти різного типу для підвищення рівня їхнього фізичного стану. Дослідження проводили протягом 2013–2014 років у закладах дошкільної освіти комбінованого типу, санаторного типу, компенсуючого типу та загального розвитку. Розроблені організаційно-методичні підходи реалізовували в таких формах організації роботи з фізичного виховання в умовах роботи закладів дошкільної освіти: фізкультурних заняттях, фізкультурно-оздоровчих заходах у режимі дня, активному відпочинку, самостійній руховій діяльності дітей у режимі дня. Методи дослідження – теоретичні (аналіз й узагальнення науково-методичної літератури та інтернет-джерел); педагогічні (спостереження, експеримент). Результати. Визначено форми роботи та види рухової діяльності для оптимізації фізичного стану дітей 3–4 років у закладів дошкільної освіти різного типу. Організація процесу рухової активності дітей в умовах закладів дошкільної освіти передбачає такі компоненти: організовані форми рухової активності дітей, комплексний підхід до методів регулювання рухової активності, різноманітність рухів в організованих формах рухової діяльності, самостійна рухова активність, міжвікова ігрова взаємодія. Висновки. Обґрунтовані організаційно-методичні підходи до організації раціонального рухового режиму дітей 3– 4 років у закладів дошкільної освіти різного типу. Запропонована модель оптимізації рухової активності дітей молодшого дошкільного віку не замінює й не виключає обов’язкових занять фізичними вправами відповідно до державних програм виховання та розвитку дитини.
The article highlights the characteristic features of the concepts of physical education of preschool children of domestic pedagogy during the Russian Empire (18th-early–20th centuries). It is shown that the domestic pre-school practice promotes the idea of universal education, and innovative pedagogical ideas are used for the all-round education of the younger generation. Objectively, those pedagogical ideas and theories, which expressed the growing social demand for the improvement of forms and methods of upbringing contributed to the further development of pedagogical theory and practice in the field of physical education. The views and pedagogical ideas of P. F. Lesgaft, K. D. Ushynsky, I. A. Sikorsky, V. M. Bekhterev, S. F. Rusova, and others have been examined. It has been determined that the basic idea of domestic preschool pedagogy is the all-round development of a personality.
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