The article examines the features of verification and detection of lies and the definition of their features in the process of polygraph examination. Detection of lies is associated with the experience of certain emotions, the mechanisms of functioning of which ensure the organization of the relationship between true and false answers during testing using the technical means of computer polygraph and are accompanied by physiological reactions. In a computerized polygraph test, a test taker analyzes and evaluates the risks of concealing false information or the possibility of confirming it and exposing it as false. The effectiveness of information concealment depends on its ability to reveal and control a specific picture of one’s own physiological reactions when answering the questions, which are then evaluated by a polygraph examiner. Instrumental detection during polygraph testing should aim to obtain information, avoiding ambiguity, doubt, assumptions, and subjective association with an adequate reflection of reality. Undoubtedly, there is information that characterizes certain actions performed by a person, which he/she interprets and submits in the form of a true or false answer to a question evaluated by a polygraph examiner. The effectiveness of methods of detection and verification of lies depends on the qualification of the polygraph specialist, taking into account the individual characteristics of each test case, as well as the subtleties and details of the event being studied, features of psychophysiological reactions of the person being examined, namely the type of nervous system, external and internal factors that significantly influence the result of the examination. The conducted empirical research made it possible to describe the features of the group of people in whom lies were detected during polygraph testing. Such individuals showed high rates of adaptability, but low rates of neuropsychological stability. Among the personal qualities a high level of manifestation on such scales as "reactive aggression", "spontaneous aggression", "irritability", "shyness", "openness", "extraversion-introversion" can be distinguished.
The article contains a theoretical and empirical analysis of resiliency and resilience in the context of the impact of various traumatic events. In particular, the impact of such events and phenomena as war and military aggression, which Ukrainians have been experiencing since the beginning of the invasion of Russian Federation troops, is outlined. The formation of resiliency in conditions of military actions and full-scale invasion is vital. Therefore, the authors outline the main theoretical approaches in the interpretation of these concepts within the framework of domestic and foreign teachings. The connection and relationship of such concepts as "resilience" and "stress resistance", "resilience" and "coping", "resilience" and "sustainability" are outlined. In general, resiliency is characterized as a personality quality and includes adaptability, stress resistance, mental stability, flexibility (emotional and behavioral) and resistibility. The purpose of the article is to find out the specifics of resiliency, its manifestation and development in people facing military aggression against Ukraine. The results of applying "The Person-in-the-Rain Drawing" technique made it possible to assess the components of resiliency and the main levels of its manifestation in the research group. The obtained results presented grounds to determine three levels of resiliency based on the selected criteria: low, medium and high. The analysis of three groups of respondents according to the level of resiliency indicates the need to find and implement ways of psychological support and provision of people with a low and medium level of resiliency. By increasing its level through the formation and development of adaptive resources and resistance, individuals will be able to mobilize their internal reserves and effectively implement them in order to protect their countries and provide assistance at various levels.
Стаття містить результати теоретико-емпіричного дослідження, на підставі яких встановлено особистісні особливості хейтера. Здійснено теоретичний аналіз особливостей прояву хейтерства як явища, проаналізовано сутність хейтерства у зрізі психологічних теорій та концепцій. Описано причини, фактори, ознаки та види хейтерства в соціальних мережах. За результатами аналізу наукових дослідження описано складові структурної моделі особистості хейтера, що включають в себе наступні особливості комунікативної сфери (емоційність у спілкуванні, агресивні та нападаючі висловлювання, нездатність вести діалог), емоційної (домінування негативних емоцій, заздрість, ненависть, страх, гнів, злість), когнітивної (дихотомічне мислення, когнітивні спотворення, негативні установки, полярне мислення, відсутність логічного мислення) та сфери самосвідомості (самопрезентація в мережі, самооцінка, Образ Я, невпевненість). Здійснено спробу типологізації хейтерів за сукупністю поведінкових факторів та особливостями структури особистості. Результати емпіричного дослідження, в основу якого взято аналіз аватарок у профілях хейтерів, висловлювань та емодзі у повідомленнях, доводять домінування негативних та агресивних емоційних тенденцій, ненависть, незадоволеність усім, невпевненість в собі, підозрілість, категоричність та інфантилізм. У поведінкових характеристиках можна виокремити сміливі, впевнені та зухвалі прояви, засобом якої швидше за все хейтер хоче самостверджуватися. Характеристики самосвідомості вказують на зосередженість на власному Я, егоїстичність та зневажання інших. Стосовно характеристик когнітивної сфери доведено, що домінуючими є вказівка на низький інтелект, поверховість та примітивність мислення.
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