Introduction: Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are genetic defects of the immune system that result in chronic, serious, and often life-threatening infections if they are not diagnosed and treated. Worldwide, from 70 to 90% of PID sufferers remain undiagnosed because of poor awareness. Early diagnosis is very important for adequate prevention and management of PID infectious complications and may improve the life quality of patients with PID. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of physicians of different specialties about the signs of primary immunodeficiency in children and adults. Material and methods: A survey among physicians of different specialties on awareness of PID was conducted. The study involved physicians of the Ternopil region of Ukraine. Of 103 participants 42 were paediatricians, 25 general practitioners/family physicians, eight internists, 13 paediatric surgical specialists, and 15 physicians of paediatric sub-specialties. The survey consisted of a questionnaire containing 25 questions. Results: Sixty-one (59.2%) physicians gave more than 50% of correct answers. The percentage of correct answers to the questions about warning signs of PID in children was 66.1% among paediatricians and 64% among general practitioners, in adults-66.7% and 72%, respectively. The lowest knowledge of PID was about the specific signs of PID, more often concerning verification of Nijmegen breakage syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, and DiGeorge syndrome. Conclusions: This study has revealed poor awareness about PID among physicians in the Ternopil region of Ukraine. There was no significant difference in the percentages of correct answers among the first-contact physicians (paediatricians, general practitioners/family physicians) and paediatric sub-specialists. There is a significant need for educational programs to improve physicians' knowledge on PID. Implementation of the model of combined physician education and public awareness may improve detection of PID in children in the early stages.
The boys are three times more often obese than girls and 1.4 times more often overweight. The blood pressure is directly correlated with increased BMI, waist and hip circumference in the examined children. The abdominal obesity is a predictor of hypertension in adolescents. The result of the present study has demonstrated the real epidemiology of obesity and systemic hypertension in children and adolescents, and should motivate family doctors and paediatricians to prevent this pathology in Ukraine.
Набута гемолітична анемія -це швидко прогресуючий невідкладний стан, що виникає внаслідок аномального передчасного розпаду еритроцитів і потребує негайної корекції та лікування. Гемоліз може відбуватися внутрішньосудинно або позасудинно (у селезінці та/або печінці) внаслідок низки причин, проте часто його етіологія залишається нез'ясованою [1, 2].Автоімунна гемолітична анемія (AIГA) -це гетерогенна група захворювань, в основі яких спостерігається декомпенсований набутий гемоліз, обумовлений виробленням імунною системою хазяїна антитіл, що діють проти власних антигенів еритроцитів і спричинюють їх руйнування [1]. Якщо це руйнування досить інтенсивне і перевищує здатність кісткового мозку до регенерації червоних кров'яних тілець, у пацієнта виникає анемія та супутні симптоми [2,3].Захворюваність у популяції становить приблизно 1 випадок на 100 000. Захворювання може виникати в будь-якому віці, але його частота зростає зі збільшенням віку [4]. AIГA є порівняно рідкісним захворюванням у дітей і найчастіше спостерігається після перенесеного вірусного захворювання, також її можна спостерігати у підлітків, часто на тлі основного систем-
Introduction: Arterial hypertension (HTN) among children is progressively increasing. These concerns have led to an update of the guidelines about childhood hypertension by the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) in 2016 and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2017, and their thresholds for HTN differ. The current research aims to compare the prevalence of hypertension in Ukrainian teenagers using 2 different guidelines and to check the impact of gender, age, and excess weight on hypertension. Material and methods:The sample includes 540 Ukrainian students of 2 secondary urban schools, aged 10-17 years. Blood pressure and anthropometrical measurements were taken and compared with percentile tables. Results: The prevalence of abnormal BP (11.3% and 15.2%) and HTN (1.9% and 4.1%) was determined with ESH and AAP guidelines, respectively, and they strongly depended on which definitions and criteria were used. Boys were much more predisposed to abnormal BP. Comparing both guidelines, there was no significant difference in HTN prevalence in children aged 10-12 years; nevertheless, AAP recognized HTN almost twice as often in teenagers aged ≥ 13 years. Excess body weight was identified in 17.2% of the school-age children, twice as frequently as in males. Conclusions:The results have shown a higher prevalence of HTN in teenagers and children with excessive weight more significant in boys and between children with positive markers of abdominal obesity due to both guidelines, without a significant difference in prevalence after re-classification; however, AAP recommendations might be preferable.
unavoidable. The positive identification of the aeroallergen that is responsible for allergic rhinitis symptoms is of great importance for choosing the right therapeutic approach.
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