The casting of different forms and dimensions of aluminium alloy EN WA-5083 test samples and the usage of different types of mould materials resulted in achieving different cooling rates of samples. The methods used were simple thermal analysis, using casting into a measuring cell made by the Croning process and using casting into a cone-shaped measuring cell, as well as simultaneous thermal analysis using the method of differential scanning calorimetry. Significant temperature phase transitions and times of solidification were determined, and the dependence model of the solidification time on the sample cooling rate was obtained. Determining the mean number of grains per unit area on samples after having performed the simple thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry makes it possible to develop a dependence model of the mean number of grains per unit area on the cooling rate. These models are the basis for carrying out numerical simulations of solidification and microstructure development in the cone-shaped measuring cell, and the comparison of the distribution of the mean number of grains per unit area obtained by simulation with the one obtained experimentally. The obtained results represent a part of the preliminary tests of the microstructure development of industrially cast ingots of EN AW-5083 alloy depending on the local ingot cooling rate.Keywords: EN AW-5083 aluminium alloy / numerical simulation / thermal analysis methods / mean number of grains per unit area / Beim Gießen verschiedener Versuchsmuster mit unterschiedlichen Formen und Größen der Aluminiumlegierung EN WA-5083 und Verwenden verschiedener Formstofftypen, wurden unterschiedliche Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten festgestellt. Dabei wurde die Methode der einfachen Thermalanalyse angewendet, die beim Gießen in eine Messzelle einmal mit dem Croning-Verfahren hergestellt wurde und einmal in eine kegelförmige Messzelle gegossen wurde, samt gleichzeitiger Thermalanalyse mit der Methode der differenzierten Wärmemessung. Dabei wurden die Temperaturphasenübergänge und Zeiten bis zur Erstarrung ermittelt sowie das Zeit-Modell in Abhängigkeit der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit bis zur Erstarrung der Versuchsprobe ermittelt. Durch die Bestimmung des Mittelwertes der Anzahl der Körner pro Fläche auf der Versuchsprobe nach der durchgeführten einfachen Thermalanalyse und der Methode der differenzierten Wärmemessung, kann ein Abhängigkeitsmodell des Mittelwertes der Anzahl der Körner pro Fläche über die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit erstellt werden. Diese Modelle sind die Basis, um die numerische Simulation des Festwerdens und die Mikrostruktur-Entwicklung in der kegelförmigen messenden Zelle, samt der Simulation des Vergleichs der Verbreitung des Mittelwertes der Anzahl von Körnern pro Fläche zu erlangen. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse repräsentieren einen Teil der Forschung der Mikrostruktur-Entwicklung beim industriellen Gießen von Blöcken der Legierung EN AW-5083 in Abhängigkeit der lokalen Abkühlgeschwindigkeit der Blöcke.Schlüsselwörter: EN AW-5083 Aluminiumlegierung /...
pH VALUE AND CONCENTRATIONS OF TOTAL DRY RESIDUE AND SUSPENDED MATTER IN THE WASTEWATER OF THE MAJDANPEK COPPER MINE
Microstructure development and possible interaction o f present elements have been determined in charge material o f EN AB AlSi9Cu3 quality. Literature review enables prediction o f solidification sequence. Modelling o f equilibrium phase diagram fo r examined chemical composition has been performed, which enables determination o f equilibrium solidification sequence. Microstructural investigation indicated distribution and morphology o f particular phase. Metallographic analysis tools enable exact determination o f microstructural constituents: matrix aAr eutectic a u+ fsr iron base intermetallic phase -AfFeSi, A l/F e ,M n )C u S iw and/or Al/Fe,M n) M g,CuSin, and copper base phases in ternary eutectic morphology AI-AfCu-Si and in complex intermetallic ramified morphology Al/F e,M n)vMg,SiuCuw. Microstructure development examination reveals potential differences due to copper content which is prerequisite fo r high values o f final mechanical, physical and technological properties o f cast products.
For quite a long time efforts have been made to develop processes for producing iron i.e. steel without employing conventional procedures - from ore, coke, blast furnace, iron, electric arc furnace, converter to steel. The insufficient availability and the high price of the coking coals have forced many countries to research and adopt the non-coke-consuming reduction and metal manufacturing processes (non-coke metallurgy, direct reduction, direct processes). This paper represents a survey of the most relevant processes from this domain by the end of 2000, which display a constant increase in the modern process metallurgy
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