The conductive yarn is an essential component of the smart textile making the product light and comfortable to wear. Nevertheless, one of the most common problems is care that limits the use of the product. Application of additional coating to the yarn renders it water-repellent properties and allows reduction of the negative impact of water on its performance. During the research additional coatings were applied to conductive yarns, with the aim of minimizing electrical resistivity changes caused by washing cycles. Two types of coatings were applied to the yarns, they were washed and tested. The article describes changes in the electrical resistance of different conductors depending on the linear density of the yarn, the type of coating applied and the number of washing cycles. The electrical resistance of electrically conductive yarns increases with washing until they become non-conductive. The electrical resistance of non-textured yarns increases more slowly and the smaller increase is observed in thick yarns. The water-repellent silicone coating applied to yarns reduces the electrical resistance increase rate and the yarns retain their conductivity over more washing cycles.
Manual therapy is used to treat patients with neck pain, and mobilization techniques are practiced clinically by physiotherapists. To evaluate the effectiveness of therapy it is necessary to measure the applied manual therapy forces. We present the sensitive glove concept designed to measure the forces applied during therapy. The sensitive glove is equipped with multiple textile-based sensors connected by sewing technology, in which changes in electrical resistance were observed due to the applied force. The number and position of sensors were defined basing on the experience of manual therapists and practicable techniques. Glove fabrication technologies were tested practically – sensors were glued and sewn on the base material and simple conductive threads were sewn by hand and with a sewing machine. Technological solutions were evaluated both in terms of visual and technical aspects. The final version of the sensitive glove was assessed by an expert and recommendations were given for improving further prototypes.
Abstract. Textile sensors have a wide range of applications in wearable monitoring systems due to their lightweight, elastic and flexible properties. The present paper is devoted to the comparative analysis of effects of pressure load on knitted pressure sensors of different shapes and their durability to washing. All the developed sensors are knitted using cotton yarns and copper coated acrylic yarns on a circular knitting machine. The sensor performance properties and durability have been tested experimentally. Each type of sensors was tested under quasi-static and dynamic loadings with various pressure forces. Relations between the applied pressure force and sensor sensitivity and responses were analysed. It was found that filled shape sensors are more sensitive to low pressures. Testing of the sensors under dynamic loads confirmed high repeatability of measurements and sensitivity even to small variations of the loading level. One of the most common problems of textile-based sensors that essentially restrict application of smart textiles is their care. Therefore, durability of the designed sensors to washing was been studied, as well. It was found that knit density affects sensor durability to washing. Sensors with a higher knit density showmore stable and uniform electrical resistance increase, whereas sensors with a lower knit density show unstable durability and higher variation in electrical resistance changes. Also, configuration of the sensors affects the electrical resistance changes due to washing.Keywords: knitted pressure sensor, performance, durability. IntroductionKnitting technology combined with electronics has wide application possibilities. Using knitting technology different sizes and shapes of conductive elements can be produced rapidly and costeffectively. Traditionally, e-textiles are made from conductive fibres, filaments, yarns and fabrics. Sometimes conductive coatings are used on raw materials to obtain conductivity. Their application and durability can be influenced by material suitability for manufacturing of smart textiles and wearing, and different environmental conditions. Thus, textile sensors reliability and sensitivity are one of the vital problems for successful e-textile functionality.Soukup and Hamacek used silver coated polyamide threads for embroidering were repeatedly tested by humidity sensors at different relative humidity levels and measured after 5-20 washing cycles. The results demonstrated very good resistance to washing and the sensors performed well during cyclic climatic test [1]. Textile based path ways have been tested after 10 washes in [2]. The electrical resistance values of all characteristic samples increased up to 2.5 times. It was concluded that the coarser the yarn, the greater the resistance increase in the silver-plated samples.Influence of coatings on the durability of textiles is being studied increasingly. New methods to make long-life textiles are being searched constantly. In Rehnby's [3] studies commercially available inherently conductive poly...
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