The article highlights the relationship between ensuring world food security and the pace of technological transformation of agriculture, taking into account the impact of global challenges, based on the study of theoretical approaches of leading scientists. The authors use analysis and synthesis, expert, statistical and comparative methods. The history of technological changes in agriculture are considered through its evolution from traditional food systems to Agriculture 5.0 – the post-industrial system with the use of robotics, big data and artificial intelligence systems. The authors prove that the level of agricultural development and the rate of its technological transformation are sharply differentiated by country. The cross-country analysis of indicators of food security, innovation potential, production and food net trade of the leading food-producing countries allowed us to draw two conclusions. First, developed countries that are at the top of the innovation rating and ensure national food security at a high level have negative food net trade. In the near future, these countries will not be able to have a significant impact on world food security. Secondly, countries with export-oriented agriculture are characterized by low innovation and have limited opportunities for labor productivity growth in agriculture.
The paper contains the summarized results of a study of strategic opportunities and risks of digitalization in the Russian agriculture in a context of increasing of productivity, sustainable development of agrifood system and better advancing Russian food and agricultural raw materials in the global food market. It is established that digitalization of the Russian agriculture is at an early stage of development and the digital processes are considerably depending on the firm size (concentrated on large agro-holdings). It is proved that the threats and risks of digitalization in the Russian agriculture are more serious, than in the developed countries, that is caused by an economic situation in the country, rather low competitiveness of the Russian industry (mechanical engineering, electronics), reducing R&D government expenditures and also deficiency of private investments into digitalization.
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