The article examines the relevance of the Hoshin Kanri method, the prerequisites for using this project management method for domestic enterprises. The main elements of using the Hoshin Kanri method in project management are described. The authors identified the main problems of project management in domestic enterprises. It was established that among the problems of management of domestic enterprises is the lack of knowledge and applied skills among modern managers regarding the latest methods, including the implementation of project activities at production enterprises. The proposed project management method is proven to provide a substitute for overcoming common strategic level problems, as it unites managers with employees through a systematic process of deployment through vertical and horizontal communication. The content and principles of deployment of this method for the purpose of project management at domestic enterprises are characterized. The main stages and specifics of deploying the Hoshin Kanri method in project management in domestic enterprises are highlighted. Based on the analysis of modern scientific literature, the author built a scheme for the deployment of enterprise project management according to the Hoshin Kanri method. The key advantages of the Hoshin Kanri method for project management in domestic enterprises are analyzed. Based on the analysis of well-known approaches, examples from world practice to the study of project management methods, the example of constructing an X-matrix within the scope of using the Hoshin Kanri method for project implementation at a domestic enterprise is proposed. Keywords: management, project management, Hoshin Kanri method, enterprise strategy.
In the article, the authors analyzed the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators, such as: indexes of the gross domestic product and industrial production; volumes of exports, imports and foreign trade balance of Ukraine to assess general trends in the development of Ukraine’s business environment. The authors considered the results of the survey of company managers conducted by the National Bank of Ukraine in 2023 and the dynamics of the Index of Business Expectations of Enterprises; the results of a joint study conducted by the Innovation Development Center, the Office for Entrepreneurship and Export Development, the Diya.Business national project, the strategic agency Advanter Group, and the dynamics of the Ukrainian Business Index. The causes and consequences of the decline in the economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises in the main sectors of the economy were identified. Rational solutions aimed at supporting and restoring business in conditions of instability were determined. The results of the international assessment based on the ranking of economic freedoms from the American Heritage Foundation (Economic Freedom Index), the Corruption Perceptions Index from Transparency International (Corruption Perceptions Index), and the international study of the perception of national brands from Brand Finance (Global Soft Power Index) were considered. The role of Ukraine in the world economy was defined. It was concluded that the recovery of the Ukrainian economy remains restrained due to significant losses, destruction, and ongoing hostilities. Positive expectations in terms of economic recovery are associated with the further adoption and implementation of EU decisions on: using the advantages of the unification of the energy systems of continental Europe ENTSO-E and Ukraine (the so-called “energy visa-free”); exemption of Ukrainian business products from tariffs and quotas (“economic visa exemption”); liberalization of road transportation (“transport visa-free”); integration of Ukrainian customs authorities with European ones (“customs visa-free”). Such decisions will significantly contribute to the expansion of international trade, further integration of Ukraine into European production, as well as transport and logistics networks.
A retrospective analysis and assessment of the current state of Ukraine’s foreign economic activity during the years of independence was performed in the article. In particular, the volume of export-import and investment activities, indicators of economic openness, geographical and commodity structure of exports and imports were analyzed. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that in the process of independence and development of the national economy of Ukraine there is a transformation into an open economic system that tries to take advantage of international economic cooperation, develop all forms of international economic relations. However, due to inefficient international specialization, slow restructuring of the national economy, inefficient foreign trade management, the level of competitiveness and investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the world market remains low. The export-oriented model of economic growth with the predominance of low-tech exports has led to the extensive nature of economic development, which remains energy-intensive, low-productive, poorly diversified, uncompetitive and dependent on external sources of raw materials, energy resources and world markets. It is positive that Ukraine has changed the vector of orientation in foreign economic activity and the European Union is gradually becoming the largest and main foreign trade partner. Such a trend, given the geopolitical, geo-economics and historical European position of Ukraine, should remain one of the priorities of Ukraine’s foreign economic policy. The article concludes that the system of foreign economic regulation of Ukraine needs radical changes, which should begin with a review of foreign economic policy of the state which should be aimed at increasing export potential, product diversification, introduction of innovative technologies to ensure a sufficient level of competitiveness of domestic goods in world markets.
The purpose of the article is to consider the development of transnational economic structures in the context of globalization processes, taking into account economic and non-economic factors. The article examines the theoretical foundations of the processes of transnationalization, the problems of foreign economic relations, the globalization of the economy and its relationship with the processes of economic development. The impact of transnational economic structures on socio-economic structures depends on the state's ability to find effective forms and methods of their use in its national interests. The consequence of the high degree of production internationalization at the largest TNCs was their establishment of dominance in the world commodity markets and in the leading sectors of the world economy. The decisive role of giant monopolies in the world market is determined by the fact that they occupy a dominant position not only in production and commercial export, but also in the trade of patents and licenses, the provision of technical services, the implementation of contract works, since the main part of scientific and technical activities, achievements and advanced production experience are concentrated in their hands. The main reasons for the emergence of transnational corporations under the influence of the integration and globalization processes of the world economy are considered. The thesis is proved that modern transnational economic structures represent economic structures with a complex organization, which strive to achieve a positive synergistic effect and a positive economic result, taking into account discounting at a certain stage of planning. Recently, TNCs have been dynamically increasing the volume of capital investments in developing countries, which is explained by the stabilization of the economic situation there and the appearance of new investment proposals, the implementation of profitable contracts. The analysis of the activities of the largest transnational corporations was carried out and the factors of their success were determined. The advantages and disadvantages of direct foreign investment of transnational economic structures, as the main form of expansion of their activities, are outlined. The main positive features of the TNCs activities in the territories of the countries are: creation of supply and satisfaction of population demand for new products; increase in population employment and creation of new jobs; increase in revenues to the national budgets of countries. The main negative features include: monopolization of power; creation of negative competition for national producers by monopolistic pricing of products; the primary satisfaction of one's own interests, regardless the needs of states. The dynamics of the sectoral and regional movement of direct foreign investments of transnational corporations are considered. Transnational corporations penetrate all sectors of the economy, however, the activities of most TNCs are related to the production sector of the economy. The largest benefits from the financial and economic activity of TNCs are brought to them by the base countries, the domains of which are the most developed states of the world. Keywords: transnational economic structures, globalization, processes of transnationalization, transnational corporations, international economy.
The paper was focused on researching the evolution and the reasons for the crisis in the economy of Ukraine for the period of independence. It was determined that the changes in the social and economic nature of the country’s development were followed by discrepancy in power and resources relations as well as in opposition between political forces and business elite. We analyzed the dynamics of changes in the main macroeconomic indicators in the development of the Ukrainian economy. The results showed that large-scale changes had different effects on the development of the national economy, which was characterized by long periods of crisis and short periods of extensive growth. Three main crises in the economical development have been characterized and the reasons for this were identified. We performed an assessment of the multiple indicators dynamics that characterise the outcomes of the economical governance. Specifically, the level of GDP per capita using purchasing power parity, the dynamics of export, import and balance of foreign trade as well as the dynamics of changes in the index of capital investment and the index of economic freedom. It has been established that the presence of effective structural changes in the economy of the country has caused the accumulation of internal and external economic imbalances. The results of the analysis of the rating assessment of the economy of Ukraine by international organizations showed consistently low positions of the country. We concluded that ineffective economic development became one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the social development of the country. Negative indicators of such development were a sharp decline in population, life expectancy, low wages and social security compared to other European countries.
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