Crystallographic characteristics of nanodispersed materials obtained by plasma-chemical synthesis were studied. Using industrial equipment for plasma-chemical synthesis the nanodispersed powders of high-melting carbide, nitride, carbonitride and silicide class compounds based on titanium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon were obtained. Technology for synthesis of powder fraction less than 100 nm was developed. The efficiency of nanodisperce compositions use in smelting of structural steels was determined. In the result of 10Г2С steel modification with Ti (CN) nanopowder strength, plastic properties and impact toughness were improved. Elemental composition of nanodispersed composition was determined: SiC, TiC, TiN, Ti (CN), AlN, Mg2Si, Mg3N2. The elemental composition of synthesized compounds corresponded to stoichiometric composition. Microdiffractional patterns of the particles were analysed, it was shown that nanopowders belong to the solid crystalline bodies with metallic bond. It has been found, that titanium carbonitride Ti (CN) particles have face-centered and silicon carbide (SiC) particles have hexagonal crystal lattice. Experiments for steel 10Г2 and 10Г2С modifying with nanopowder compositions on base of Ti (CN) and SiC were carried out. The efficiency of nanodisperce compositions use in smelting of structural steels was determined. In the result of 10Г2С steel modification with Ti (CN) nanopowder strength, plastic properties and impact toughness were improved. The choice of nanodisperce titanium carbonitride Ti (CN) powders with 100 nm fraction for light alloy steels modifying was justified. The required criteria for choice of nanopowder modifiers were obtained: insolubility in smelt, correspondence of crystal lattice to steel matrix, commensurability with austenite germ critical radius in crystallizing.
The effect of modifying dispersed compositions on the grain structure and mechanical properties of industrial aluminum alloys is studied. Aluminum alloys of the Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Sc systems were modified with dispersed SiC powder with a particle size of up to 200 nm. Calculated the amount of modifier to enter into the melt. The physicochemical properties of dispersed SiC were studied. The melting of alloys AL4S, 1570, 2219, AK9ch in the initial state and with the processing of SiC melts was carried out. The dependences of the particle size and amount of the modifier on the mechanical properties of the alloys are established. The mechanism of interaction of the modifier with the aluminum melt during crystallization is established. In industrial experiments, the most effective particle size of SiC was found to increase the σт of the AK9ch alloy from 115 to 260 MPa in the cast state. The optimal SiC content (0,10%) was determined to increase the σt of aluminum alloys.
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