Vehicle automation is linked to various benefits, such as increase in fuel and transport efficiency as well as increase in driving comfort. However, automation also comes with a variety of possible downsides, e.g., loss of situational awareness, loss of skills, and inappropriate trust levels regarding system functionality. Drawbacks differ at different automation levels. As highly automated driving (HAD, level 3) requires the driver to take over the driving task in critical situations within a limited period of time, the need for an appropriate human–machine interface (HMI) arises. To foster adequate and efficient human–machine interaction, this contribution presents a user-centered, iterative approach for HMI evaluation of highly automated truck driving. For HMI evaluation, a driving simulator study [n = 32] using a dynamic truck driving simulator was conducted to let users experience the HMI in a semi-real driving context. Participants rated three HMI concepts, differing in their informational content for HAD regarding acceptance, workload, user experience, and controllability. Results showed that all three HMI concepts achieved good to very good results in these measures. Overall, HMI concepts offering more information to the driver about the HAD system showed significantly higher ratings, depicting the positive effect of additional information on the driver–automation interaction.
Highly automated driving enables the driver to engage in activities other than the actual primary driving task. How can truck drivers use phases of highly automated driving meaningfully? Research in the domain of longdistance road haulage shows that truck driving poses an immense physical, as well as mental burden on the driver, leading to various health issues. The objective of this research is to identify and test appropriate userinterfaces (UI) which allow the driver to perform exercises. For this purpose, a novel multifunctional driver's seat has been developed enabling the driver to move to a stand-up position whilst still being belted thereby introducing new movement possibilities. The compatibility of exercising during periods of highly automated driving needs to be evaluated.
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