Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is often associated with plasmid encoded extended spectrum -lactamases (ESBL). In order to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of ESBLs in enterobacteria in our city, a 1-month-period survey was carried out from April to May 2000. Extended-spectrum-cephalosporinresistant strains, isolated from inpatient clinical specimens other than stools, were collected among 17 participating hospitals. From a total of 427 enterobacterial strains that were collected during this period, 39 were extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant. The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards' Screening and Confirmatory Tests for ESBL production were performed using cefotaxime and ceftazidime; cefepime and cefepime-clavulanic acid-containing disks were included. -Lactamases were characterized by isoelectric focusing and PCR amplification using specific primers. Three different ESBLs were detected: SHV-related (4 isolates), PER-2-type (9 isolates), and CTX-M-2-related (26 isolates). Sequencing of the corresponding genes confirmed CTX-M-2 in 19 of 21 and CTX-M-31 (an allelic variant) in the remaining 2 of 21. CTX-M-2 (or its variant) was detected in all Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia stuartii strains, while PER-2 was detected in Enterobacter cloacae, E. aerogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae; SHV-related ESBL were found only in K. pneumoniae. These results clearly show that CTX-M-2 is the most prevalent ESBL produced by enterobacterial species isolated from public hospitals in Buenos Aires.
Conclusões: Apesar de o protocolo para prevenção de sepse precoce pelo SGB estar implementado na instituição, ainda é possível observar falhas na profilaxia intraparto materna. Essas falhas representam oportunidades perdidas na prevenção da sepse precoce pelo SGB.Palavras-chave: streptococcus agalactiae; antibioticoprofilaxia; sepse; fidelidade a diretrizes.
ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the use of the guidelines of the Centers of Disease Control (CDC, 2002) regarding the prophylaxes of group B Streptococcus (GBS) early onset neonatal sepsis.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study by chart review of 125 pregnant women colonized by GBS and 133 neonates born at a 3 rd level maternity hospital, from January/2003 to December/2006. The intrapartum management was deemed correct when pregnant women were given prophylactic antibiotic at least four hours before delivery or when they did not receive medication but were submitted to elective cesarean section.
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