The study is aimed at solving the problem that has arisen in Ukraine in the field of household waste management, namely the generation, accumulation, storage, processing and disposal of waste. This issue is of particular importance for the population of each country, which is explained by the extremely negative impact of waste and landfields on the health and quality of life of the population, as well as the ecological situation of the respective territories. The purpose of the study is to improve the sorting, logistics and secondary use of solid household waste in Ukraine by adapting the waste management system in Ukraine to EU requirements. As a result of the research, it was confirmed that the volumes of waste generation are quite significant in different countries, their morphological composition varies depending on the level of economic development of countries, the level of application of advanced technologies, etc. The authors' logically ordered scheme of domestic waste management in Ukraine showed a number of shortcomings: lack of deep separation of waste and practically no motivation to use solid waste for energy. As a result of the research, the authors suggested using eight containers for sorting household waste, which will become the basis for its further efficient use as a secondary resource. The authors proposed a system for improving the logistics chain of waste management, in particular, proposed vacuum transportation of sorted waste to processing lines, which will ensure the environmental friendliness of useful disposal processes. An analysis of the experience of the secondary use of solid waste in different countries showed the prevalence of energy utilization of waste, the current level of which in Ukraine is insignificant. In connection with the invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, the volumes of waste generation of all types increased. There is an urgent need to use the bioenergy potential of waste in connection with the energy crisis caused by hostilities and fuel shortages. The concept of sustainable development of the field of solid waste management, which is based on economic, social, ecological and energy effects, with the interaction of which the phenomenon of synergy takes place, is substantiated.
Розглянуто питання щодо сучасного стану дистанційного навчання в Україні, тенденції розвитку дистанційної професійної підготовки вчителів та доцільності застосування дистанційної форми навчання у сучасних закладах освіти. Проаналізовано праці та публікації наукових дослідників які працювали над темою питання дистанційного навчання. Зроблено спробу розмежувати поняття «дистанційна освіта» та «дистанційне навчання». Охарактеризовано переваги та недоліки дистанційного навчання, визначено основні завдання, які потребують подальшого дослідження. Описано суперечності які посилюють інтерес до вивчення питання організації дистанційного навчання у закладах вищої освіти. Виділено характеристики щодо взаємодії «викладач-студент» у процесі навчання, а також, узагальнено перспективи та можливості використання системи дистанційного навчання у системі вищої професійної підготовки у ЗВО.
У статті розглянуто особливості «дистанційного навчання» як педагогічної технології та визначено основні теоретико-прикладні аспекти її реалізації в умовах закладу вищої освіти. Описано проблеми системи організації дистанційного навчання у закладах вищої освіти. Проаналізовано дефініцію «освітнє середовище» університету та встановлено його інституційний та функціональний зв’язок із поняттям «дистанційного навчання». Визначено та обґрунтовано забезпечуючі педагогічні умови організації дистанційного навчання в умовах освітнього середовища університету: організація дистанційного навчання в університеті повинна здійснюватися на засадах студентоцентрованого та компетентнісного підходів; умовою організації дистанційного навчання в освітньому середовищі університету є особистісний та професійний розвиток студента; трансформація організаційно-змістового та предметно-функціонального компоненту освітнього середовища ЗВО до вимог цифровізації дистанційного навчання; готовність студентів до навчання в освітньому середовищі університету із впровадженням дистанційної технології.
The state of grain production in Ukraine is studied. Changes in the structure of production of the grain subcomplex and changes in the commodity characteristics of grain are determined. The structure of production and consumption of grain products and the volume of its exports are studied. The main directions of grain processing are determined. Attention is paid to the practice of effective functioning of individual enterprises of the grain industry. Prospects for the development of grain processing for bioethanol in distilleries and the need to build new elevators. It is determined that the construction of a new elevator is a guarantee for the surrounding local agricultural producers of the ability to store and sell their crops. The directions of development of the grain processing industry of Ukraine focused on processing products within the state. Determining significant stocks of grain at enterprises is due to a number of factors, namely: expectations of higher prices; formation of stocks for own production, lack of sufficient elevators for grain storage. The directions of development of production and processing of grain in Ukraine are offered, namely: development of infrastructure by construction of new elevators; stimulating the cultivation of grain crops of 1–2 classes through the system of seed production development in Ukraine and the use of more advanced technologies (state subsidies to producers of cereals focused on growing durum wheat); reduction of export quotas for grain and a ban on the export of durum wheat in order to develop its own production of pasta and bakery products; compensation of interest on loans for the construction of low-capacity flour mills to small farmers in order to develop processing in rural areas; creation of production facilities for fodder grain processing on the basis of privatized distilleries with a focus on the production of alcohol and bioethanol. It is established that the implementation of the proposed measures will significantly increase the competitiveness of grain products on world markets, maximize the profits of agricultural producers, increase government GDP and reduce dependence on imported energy.
Today, in the conditions of transformation of public consciousness, which is the source and driving force of changes in our society, it is the person with his needs and interests who is at the center of these changes and determines the vector of society as a whole. In the context of decentralization of power, which implies more rights and, consequently, responsibilities to local communities, their effective management requires well-considered and sound decisions. The study of the state of rural development confirms the fact that only the integrated development of regions, including communities, ensure their stability and the most efficient use of resource potential. Well-considered decisions of community leaders will promote the development of entrepreneurship in the regions and the state as a whole. Balanced tax and credit policies will provide favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, which involve a significant part of the state's citizens. In the future, the success of administrative reform will be determined by the extent to which local governments can effectively use the community's resource potential through a favorable local business environment, attract investment in regional development, create new jobs and develop infrastructure. Therefore, the decisions made by local governments today must be adaptive and timely, and must be based on the basic provisions of the strategy of community development and the region as a whole, be comprehensive and systematic. However, subjectivity and incompetence in decision-making by representatives of different levels of government an active demotivator for entrepreneurship, as it inhibits its development and the development of communities, respectively. Such domestic scientists as Andriychuk V., Zabolotny G., Zakharchenko V., Kaletnik G., Kubay O., Mazur A., Mesel-Veselyak V., Shinkovych A., Sabluk P. and others, determined the prerequisites for creating highly effective territorial communities. Theoretical developments and practical recommendations of these scientists were reflected in scientific works and directly in the implementation of administrative reform in our country. Scientists have created basic approaches to creating highly effective communities and their further development. However, the novelty of the issue, the lack of practical experience of local government leadership in the effective management of newly created communities and the new challenges of today, require further research on this issue. In order to increase the effectiveness of decisions at the level of territorial communities need further development and scientific substantiation of scientific and practical principles of development of territorial communities in the context of decentralization of power. According to the authors under these conditions, special attention should be paid to: the key factors that influence effective management decisions; features of building a rational organizational structure of local government; prerequisites for rational use of community resource potential; energy and food security issues, etc. This determines the relevance of this research. The results of the presented research in the monograph are made within the initiative of the Department of Administrative Management and Alternative Energy Sources of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University "Ensuring the development of territorial communities in terms of local government reform" state registration number: 0122U002096. for 2022-2024.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.