Correlation of the properties of biofilms of microorganisms and malignant tumors indicates the existence of a certain analogy between them, which allows us to explain the essential circumstances of the formation of drug resistance. Intercellular substance plays a significant role in the functioning of both types of cell groups. Both types are characterized by the formation and local accumulation of structurally damaged proteins and peptides. The regularity of their interaction with membrane’s phospholipid bilayer creates prerequisites for the formation of β-structured inclusions that are characterized by electrical conductivity. This leads to membrane depolarization and, as a result, to disruption of its barrier function. An increase in the permeability of the membrane contributes to the entry of external genetic material, the formation of mutated forms and the development of drug resistance.
Analysis of literature data and the results of our own research on the structure of malignant neoplasms indicate the existence of a certain analogy in the mechanisms of formation and spread of biofilms of microorganisms and malignant tumors. Despite the qualitative difference between cellular abnormalities of both types, they are characterized by horizontal gene transfer, which is a consequence of the formation and accumulation of extracellular DNA of dead tissues and increased permeability of the outer cell membranes. In both cases, this leads to the formation of mutated cells that differ significantly from the original forms. The direct consequence of such mutations is the formation of cells which are low-yielding in this environment and are doomed to death. This ensures both for enrichment of the intercellular component and for the disintegration of cellular aggregates with the formation of "floating islands" of intercellular associations of both types. Such formations are sharply superior to unicellular forms in resistance to adverse environmental factors, which provides the spread of biofilms and metastasis.
The ability of multicellular associates to undergo changes that provide increased resistance to adverse environmental factors determines the development of drug resistance. Over the past decades, it has turned into a complex medical and social problem, which complicates significantly the treatment of countless diseases. In particular, the rapid formation and spread of antibiotic-resistant forms of microorganisms causes the risk of relegating clinical medicine to the pre-antibiotic era. An equally acute problem is the growing resistance of cells of malignant neoplasms to the action of cytostatics as the tumor progresses and during its recurrence. The obvious relevance of these problems for means of counteracting such changes determines the unabated interest in elucidating the molecular and cellular bases of the development of drug resistance. The existence of a certain parallel in the functioning of the cellular societies of biofilms and malignant neoplasms allows us to approach the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the development of drug resistance. The role of disruption of the barrier function of the outer cell membranes and the increase in their permeability to extracellular nucleic components is shown in this process. The role of individual components of cellular associates in the formation of drug-resistant, mechanisms of their spread and malignization of surrounding tissues is discussed. Key words: drug resistance, biofilms, malignant neoplasms, cell membranes.
The ability of microorganisms to form multicellular three-dimensional associates (biofilms) increases significantly their resistance to the influence of negative environmental factors. One of the manifestations of this ability is the development of drug resistance, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of drugs and significantly complicates the treatment of the corresponding diseases. Despite the unabated interest in this extremely undesirable phenomenon, there is no generally accepted explanation of the mechanisms of resistance development. At the same time, the generalization of data on the properties of biofilms allows us to get closer to the understanding of this process, but also to substantiate the proposition about its negative impact on adjacent tissues.
Активні бойові дії в Україні призвели до зростання кількісті військових і мирного населення, які потрапили під дію мінно-вибухових пристроїв, ракетних, мінометних та інших видів обстрілів. Внаслідок чого люди отримали мінно-вибухові травми, акутравми, акубаротравми та інші види пошкоджень слухової системи. Ушкодження слухового аналізатора при акустичній травмі, внаслідок бойових дій, може викликати сенсоневральну приглухуватість (СНП). При цьому часто має місце порушення в центральних відділах слухового аналізатора, або ж тотальне ураження всіх структур слухового аналізатора [1]. Значна кількість випадків бойової акутравми, складний механізм розвитку сенсоневральної приглухуватості, а також низька ефективність лікування захворювання, робить проблему ранньої діагностики та профілактики СНП у військовослужбовців надзвичайно актуальною. При цьому важливо запобігти розвитку тяжких ушкоджень з боку органа слуху, екстраауральних проявів та інвалідізації хворих.
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