Our research goal was to assess nutrition rations (menus) offered to children at preschool children facilities after they had raised the costs of their services. We performed hygienic assessment of cycle menus in order to establish whether they conformed to the existing standards; the assessment was performed in 28 preschool children facilities in different districts of a large Russian city. All the calculations were made with our own software program called "Menu" that contained a database on a chemical structure of food products and product charts for dishes and culinary products. Model menus offered to children at preschool children facilities were able to satisfy their needs in macro-nutrients (by 102-127 %), vitamins (by 102-176 %), and minerals (by 102-162%). However, vegetable fats were not provided in sufficient quantities (20 %). We revealed that there was a deficiency of certain products in a ration and it amounted to 10 % regarding vegetables and wheat flour; more than 20 %, potatoes; more than 30%, sour milk drinks and vegetable oil. We also revealed that there were discrepancies between a stated quantity of a product and its actual provision in a ration or dishes and culinary products were not provided in a quantity stated in an official menu; sometimes the same dishes were offered to children for two days. Greater payments made by parents to a preschool facility for taking care of their children didn't result in better nutrition provided by such facilities. Our research results revealed that any sanitary-epidemiologic surveillance aimed at preventing risks of alimentary dependent diseases should concentrate on eliminating deficiency of certain products (sources of essential nutrients such as animal proteins, vegetable fats, food fiber, and vitamins). Optimizing nutrition in preschool facilities will require certain social and preventive activities.
In the article there are presented results of a study of indices of ioduria in preschool kids and school children of the city of Mezhdurechensk (south of the Kemerovo region). 411 children aged of 3-17 years participated in the study. The median of ioduria on preschooler kids was 97,0 pg/l, and the proportion of urine samples with iodine levels less than 50 pg/l - 1,0%. The median of ioduria in school children is 98,0 pg/l, the percentage of urine samples with iodine levels less than 50 pg/l accounts for 1,3%. On average, on the population of children there was established that the percentage of urine samples with iodine levels from 50-100 pg/l (mild deficiency) was detected in 53,5% of children. Comparative analysis of indices of the level of ioduria according to data obtained in 2008 and 2014 in a group of school children showed that the measures taken to prevent diseases caused by iodine deficiency (the use of iodized salt in the diet of children and adolescents from organized groups on a regular basis) have given positive results.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of school-age children living in monotown.Material and methods. A computer test was used to assess nutrition, namely, the program of the analysis of the frequency of food consumption «Human nutrition analysis» differentiated by classes of education for schoolchildren aged 7-10 years (junior classes), 11-13 years (middle link of education) and 15-16 years (high school). The total sample size amounted to 612 schoolchildren. The comparative analysis of qualitative and quantitative indices of the composition of the diet was carried out based on existing regulations.Results. In all age groups of schoolchildren, an imbalance in the intake of macro- and micronutrients with diets was revealed, which was due to the imbalance of the food set. In the daily diet of children of 7-16 years, there was a fairly adequate caloric value, however, they were deficient in total protein (89.0-96.4%) and excessive in fat (100.4-124.3%) and carbohydrates (105.3-118.5% of physiological norms). The protein content of animal origin in the daily diets of all schoolchildren was below the norms of physiological needs and accounted for 88.0%, 85.4%, 90.7%, respectively. Diets were scarce in their content of meat and meat products (68.1-73.2% from the recommended level of consumption), fish and seafood (32.9-47.5%), eggs (62.3-82.4%), milk and dairy products (48.5%-72.1% per day), bakery products (79.4-93.6%), potatoes (62.9-71.0%). Actual food consumption and the intake of nutrients are influenced by the age of the schoolchild (the determination coefficient of 0.53).Conclusion. The development of programs to optimize the nutrition of schoolchildren should be carried out in the light of previously identified violations corresponding to the regional nature.
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