With the rapid development of digital technologies and globalization, telework is becoming increasingly common. For the BRICS countries, the formation of a modern legal regulation model for telework is of great importance. In drafting legislation, it is essential to take into account economic and cultural factors, as well as the need to ensure gender equality. This article presents an analysis of current trends in telework development in the BRICS countries. Its findings reveal various reasons for a growing need to regulate telework. For Brazil, the issue of ecology plays an important role; for China and India, the possibility of integration into the world economy; in Russia, the focus is still on the procedural issues concerning the conclusion and termination of employment contracts; in South Africa, the issue of ensuring not only gender equality, but also racial equality is acute. The analysis gives the authors grounds to conclude that the BRICS countries are still lagging behind the United States and the European Union in the area of telework labor law, despite its widespread prevalence. The BRICS countries do not yet produce the necessary statistics on the prevalence of telework. Issues relating to BRICS's deepening integration require the development of common approaches to regulating the work of teleworkers. The harmonization of legislation between Russia and China is of particular importance due to the territorial factor.
The article attempts to critically comprehend the new tools of state regulation of self-employment of the population. The relevance of the issues under consideration is due to the fact that the segment of self-employment of the population belongs to the poorly stud-ied aspects of social and labor relations in the Russian Federation. Often this type of em-ployment falls into the "gray", informal zone of the economy of the national economy, this form is mainly used as an additional source of income. Interest in the discussion on this issue in the context of the unstable situation in the state, the coronavirus pandemic, has only grown. The ability to legally work in the status of "self-employed", on the one hand, reduces the risk of income reduction for the population, the risk of penalties, on the other hand – increases the social insecurity of citizens. Self-employed people are denied the status of unemployed and, accordingly, unemployment benefits, and do not accumulate work experience for pension accrual. The main results of the authors’ research are sum-marized in the first results of the pilot projects on regulating self-employment of Russian citizens, highlighting two aspects – "shadow" and female self-employment. The article assesses the impact of the new rules on the regulation of self-employment on the statisti-cal indicators of registration of citizens as" self-employed"; gender features in the structure of self-employment by industry, by type of economic activity are identified. The authors identify the opportunities and risks of participants in economic and legal relations (the state, women and society) in the "shadow" self-employment and its legalization; they offer recommendations for improving the process of registering self-employment based on a motivational approach.
The article examines the relationship between two processes: development of distance employment and changes in women's parenting and reproductive behavior. The hypothesis of social effectiveness of the distance format of paid work for women was tested. It was hypothesized that the distance format allows women to perform parenting and social functions more successfully, that the opportunity to work remotely might influence a woman's positive decision to have more children. The empirical basis was formed on the data from a survey of Russian women of fertile age, conducted in May-June 2019. The sample is quota-based, including control by settlement types (megalopolis, city, village), and all Federal Districts of Russia are covered. The article contains descriptive statistics structurally describing the obtained results. A high level of women's readiness to work remotely was revealed. The motivation to telecommuting was higher among respondents who had similar work experience, as well as among women in younger age groups and living in megalopolises. Women's subjective perceptions of the qualitative changes that can occur in connection with the possibility of working remotely are summarized. On the whole, positive effects on parenting and social aspects of women's lives are found to prevail: more time will be available for child development and education; the frequency of visits to cultural and entertainment events with children will increase; the quality of home meals and everyday life will improve. The descriptive evidence confirms the relationship between telecommuting and women's reproductive behavior. The availability of telecommuting can be considered within the system of factors stimulating fertility.
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