Objective: To analyze the long-term stability of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and protraction from chincup therapy in girls with Class III malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two girls (mean age 5 9.1 6 0.6 years) with Class III malocclusion were treated with combined RME and protraction from a chincup, followed by fixed appliances. Lateral cephalograms were evaluated before treatment, at the end of a two-phase treatment protocol (mean age 5 15.1 6 1.1 years), and 10.9 6 0.5 years after the end of treatment (mean age 5 27.5 6 0.5 years). The control group consisted of 22 matched girls with skeletal Class I malocclusion. Results: After treatment, the Class III group showed significant improvement of the Class III malocclusion, mainly due to changes in the mandible (ie, SNB angle decreased 1.8 6 1.6u) and significant improvement of the sagittal maxillomandibular relationship (Wits appraisal increased 2.6 6 2.1 mm; ANB angle increased 1.0 6 0.3 mm). These changes remained stable for an average of 10 years after the end of therapy. No tendency toward relapse was detected, and the mandibular position showed favorable outcomes. Conclusions: RME and protraction from chincup therapy led to successful long-term outcomes in 18 of 22 patients (81.8%). This treatment approach can be considered an efficient therapy in growing girls with mild skeletal Class III malocclusion caused by maxillary retrusion and mandibular protrusion. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:270-277.)
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